Non-ABO blood group systems phenotyping in non-human primates for blood banking laboratory and xenotransplantation

Abstract

Some biomedical research procedures, such as organ xenotransplantation, usually require intensive hemotherapy. Knowledge of the whole phenotype of blood donor and graft could be useful in the field of xenotransplantation. Human and simian-type categories of blood groups have been established and they can be tested by standard methods used for human blood grouping. The aim of this work was to study the incidence of non-ABO blood group systems in different species of nonhuman primates, which are employed in biomedical research. The phenotype of Rh, Lewis, Kidd, Kell, MNSs, Lutheran, P and Duffy antigens was investigated in olive baboon (n ¼ 48), chacma baboon (n ¼ 9), Guinea baboon (n ¼ 14), Rhesus macaque (n ¼ 38) and squirrel monkey (n ¼ 30) by using commercial microtyping cards. Kell, Lutheran, Kidd and Duffy antigens have been detected in all species, Rh in squirrel monkey, MNSs in rhesus macaque and squirrel monkey, and Lewis in baboon and rhesus macaque. There were differences in frequency and haemagglutination scores between species regardless of their gender and age. The main differences were found in squirrel monkey when compared with baboons and macaques. This typing system provides a tool to assess the presence of antigens in animals used for experimental procedures, such as xenotransplantation and xenotransfusion.

Whole blood transfusion in common marmosets: a clinical evaluation

“…Therefore, they may be able to have multiple blood transfusions more safely than other species. In other non-human primates, some non-ABO antigens have been reported using commercial microtyping cards [ 27 ]. Kell, Lutheran, Kidd, and Duffy antigens were detected in rhesus macaques, baboons, and squirrel monkeys.…”

Human erythrocyte antigens in Brazilian Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.)

“…3 Since then, other researchers have investigated the presence of erythrocyte antigens of some human blood systems in different anthropoid ape and other Old and New World monkey species. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Some of these studies have also included genotypic analysis of the blood systems, but only few known erythrocyte antigens were analyzed.…”

“…The apex of these studies in monkeys occurred when Landsteiner & Wiener discovered the anti‐Rh antibody by immunizing rabbits and guinea pigs with red blood cells from the Rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) . Since then, other researchers have investigated the presence of erythrocyte antigens of some human blood systems in different anthropoid ape and other Old and New World monkey species . Some of these studies have also included genotypic analysis of the blood systems, but only few known erythrocyte antigens were analyzed.…”