Whole blood transfusion in common marmosets: a clinical evaluation

Abstract

In veterinary medicine, blood transfusion is commonly performed on companion animals. The common marmoset is a small nonhuman primate with increasing popularity as an animal model in biomedical research. Because of its small whole blood volume, the marmoset is at high risk of exsanguination, and blood transfusion is required to care for life-threatening bleeding. However, few clinical evaluations exist on transfusions for marmosets. This study performed whole blood transfusion with cross-matching on nine marmosets and surveyed the therapeutic effects. Recipients included clinical cases with persistent bleeding, anemia, and coma, as well as animals subjected to postoperative bleeding prophylaxis. Donors were selected from healthy marmosets, including littermates. Cross-match assay before transfusion were all negative, and recipients showed no visible signs of transfusion-related adverse reactions. Whole blood transfusions caused hemostasis and successful recovery in bleeding marmosets, including long-term improvement of anemia cases. Our results indicated that blood transfusion is effective for marmosets with severe anemia and persistent hemorrhage from both non-experimental and surgical causes. Furthermore, DNA sequencing for blood-group classification revealed that all subject marmosets were type A, suggesting that the risk of blood type mismatch may be low in this species.

The common marmoset in biomedical research: experimental disease models and veterinary management

“…For example, marmosets have a high risk of fatal blood loss because of their low whole blood volume; an adult marmoset of average weight (350 g) has an estimated circulating blood volume of 24.5 ml, and only 4.9 ml (20% circulating blood volume) of acute blood loss can cause hemorrhagic shock [ 43 ]. We have established a protocol for whole blood transfusion, including crossmatching, for marmosets and have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in severe anemia and persistent hemorrhage cases [ 44 ].…”