Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1991

Bodmer, JG; Marsh, S. G. E.; Albert, E. D.; Bodmer, W F; Dupont, Bo; Erlich, H.A.; Mach, Bernard; Wr, Mayr; Parham, Peter; Sasazuki, Takehiko

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01932.x

Cited by 390 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…HLA-DR antigens were determined by classical serotyping in the blood bank of the German Red Cross, Ulm, Germany. Sera from the 10th and 11th International HLA Workshop were included [8]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Holl

Böhm²,

Loos³

et al. 1999

Horm Res Paediatr

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Type 1 diabetes is often associated with additional autoimmune phenomena. However, data reported on the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity differ vastly. Therefore, the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies was evaluated at a large pediatric diabetes center in Southern Germany. 2,305 determinations (TPO and TG, ELISA) were performed in 495 patients with type 1 diabetes (234 boys, 261 girls; age at last measurement: 15.4 ± 0.3 years, duration of diabetes 7.5 ± 0.2 years). The prevalence of elevated thyroid antibodies increased dramatically with age: from 3.7% in patients less than 5 years of age up to 25.3% in the age group 15–20 years (p < 0.0001). For children older than 10 years, girls were significantly more affected than boys (p < 0.0001). Thyroid autoimmunity tended to be more prevalent in the subgroup of patients with the HLA type DR3/DR4 compared to patients with other HLA types (p = 0.08). In children older than 10 years, basal TSH concentrations were significantly elevated in antibody-positive patients (p < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid autoimmunity is prevalent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescent girls and young women are especially affected. Yearly routine determinations of thyroid antibodies are therefore recommended.

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“…HLA-DR antigens were determined by classical serotyping in the blood bank of the German Red Cross, Ulm, Germany. Sera from the 10th and 11th International HLA Workshop were included [8]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Holl

Böhm²,

Loos³

et al. 1999

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…Among these, the TAP) and TAP2 genes (1) [also termed RING4 (2) or PSF) (3) and RING)) (4) or PSF2 (5) in humans] code for proteins belonging to a family of membrane transporters that possess an ATP binding cassette and six to eight transmembrane domains. Transfection experiments with a murine (6,7) and a human (8) MHC class I-deficient cell line have demonstrated that both proteins are required for normal MHC class I assembly and expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transfection experiments with a murine (6,7) and a human (8) MHC class I-deficient cell line have demonstrated that both proteins are required for normal MHC class I assembly and expression. Immunoprecipitation experiments have shown that the product ofthe other two genes, the murine LMP2 and LMP7 [or RING12 (4) and RING10 (9) in humans] proteins belong to a large multicatalytic cytosolic protease complex, referred to as the proteasome (10,11) or large multifunctional protease (LMP) (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium in human major histocompatibility complex-encoded antigen-processing genes.

Endert

Lopez

Patel

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recently, two subunits of a large cytosolic protease and two putative peptide tr porter proteins were found to be encoded by genes within the class I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (18) and LMP7-specific oligonucleotides (9), respectively. At a size of0.8 kb (LMP2) and 1.1 kb (LMP7), both probes contain the entire open reading frame. The TAP and DO probes were isolated by screening of a cDNA library from the myelomonocytic human line U937 in pCDM8. The sequence of the 2.5-kb TAP) probe was identical to the published RING4 sequence (2), beginning at nucleotide 315. The sequence of the 1.5-kb DO probe was identical to a published DO sequence (19). The sequence of the 1.5-kb TAP2 probe was identical to the published PSF2 sequence (5) 11594The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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“…Subject groups were formed using established criteria (see text and Tables 1 and 2) and designated as follows: Total, total study population; Gen, generalized form of onchocerciasis; Loc, localized form ofonchocerciasis; P.I., putative immunity. Alleles are denoted using the official World Health Organization nomenclature for factors of the HLA system (22). Notably, the distributions of DQAI*O101, DQAI*OSO1, DQBI*0301, and DQBI*0201 all have in common that the allele frequencies in localized disease lie between those in generalized disease and putative immunity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%