NOMA-based 802.11n for Broadcasting Multimedia Content in Factory Automation Environments

Iradier, Eneko; Montalbán, Jon; Fanari, L.; Angueira, Pablo; Seijo, Óscar; Val, I.

doi:10.1109/bmsb47279.2019.8971844

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the analysis is carried out adapting the coding and the modulation without considering the integration in any standard and the reliability performance is not studied. In [11], a NOMA-based 802.11n PHY approach is presented and tested in some scenarios. However, no MAC layer is used to provide a realistic industrial communication and the results presented do not reach the low Packet Error Rate (PER) values required the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet refer to the expected revolution in production, utility management and, in general, fully automated, interconnected and digitally managed industrial ecosystems. One of the key enablers for Industry 4.0 lies on reliable and timely exchange of information and large scale deployment of wireless communications in industry facilities. Wireless will bring solutions to overcome the main drawbacks of the current wired systems: lack of mobility, deployment costs, cable damage dependency and scalability. However, the strict requirements in reliability and latency of use cases such as Factory Automation (FA) and Process Automation (PA) are still a major challenge and a barrier for massive deployment of currently available wireless standards. This paper proposes a PHY/MAC wireless communication solution for FA and PA based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in combination with the 802.11n standard. The communication system proposed aims at delivering two different sets of services. The first service class is composed of Critical Services (CS) with strict restrictions in reliability and latency. The same communication system should convey also a second group of services, referred as Best Effort (BE) with more relaxed boundary conditions. The proposal theoretical background, a detailed transmission-reception architecture, the physical layer performance and the MAC level system reliability are presented in this paper. The solution provides significantly better reliability and higher flexibility than TDMA systems, jointly with a predictable control-cycle latency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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“…The D-Link DIR-615 access point was used ( Table 2 ), which supports the IEEE 802.11 b, g and n standards. We opted for these standards because they are still widely used in various industry environments [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. It has two fixed omni-directional antennas with a gain of 2 dBi.…”

Section: Equipment and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, IEEE 802.11 networks can connect many devices in a heterogeneous industrial environment to support diverse applications, but they must fulfill certain minimum requirements to support the high demands of Industry 4.0, such as high throughput, including for a rapidly expanding range of multimedia applications [ 2 , 3 , 5 ], as well as dynamic topology that ensures uninterrupted communication in the presence of movement and large fluctuations in throughput [ 3 ]. Working against these performance challenges is interference from other wireless devices that also operate in the ISM band [ 2 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, IEEE 802.11 networks are vulnerable to interference or even deliberate jamming [ 3 , 4 ], which can lead to network failure [ 2 ]. This may prevent IEEE 802.11 networks from fulfilling the Industry 4.0 requirement for seamless connection between industrial components and devices [ 3 , 5 ]. Since these networks operate in unlicensed wireless bands such as the “Industrial, Scientific, and Medical” (ISM) band, they may receive interference from other devices operating on those bands, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) flying over smart warehouses, audio/video transmitters, cordless phones, or Bluetooth handsets operating near industrial devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Throughput of an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network in the Presence of Wireless Audio Transmission: A Laboratory Analysis

Forenbacher

Husnjak

Jovović

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Wireless networks, including IEEE 802.11-based or Wi-Fi networks, are inexpensive and easy to install and therefore serve as useful connectivity alternatives in areas lacking wired-network infrastructure. However, IEEE 802.11 networks may not always provide the seamless connectivity and minimal throughput required for Industry 4.0 communications because of their susceptibility to interference from other devices operating in the unlicensed “Industrial, Scientific, and Medical” frequency band. Here we analyzed how a wireless audio transmitter operating on this band influences the throughput of an IEEE 802.11 b/g/n network under laboratory conditions. Wireless audio transmission reduced mean throughput by 85%, rendering the IEEE 802.11 b/g/n network nearly unusable. Our analysis suggests that in order for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks to support Industrial 4.0 applications, attention should be paid to the physical layer as well as the data or upper layers, and critical services should not transmit on the 2.4 GHz band. These findings may contribute to understanding and managing IEEE 802.11 wireless networks in various Industry 4.0 contexts.

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“…Then, the proposed architecture was evaluated and the results showed a considerable better performance than the 802.11n standard PHY on several industrial use cases. In [27], a specific application of the NOMA-based solution was proposed for an industrial multimedia content broadcasting environment.…”

Section: A Noma: General Concepts and Industrial Applicability Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

et al. 2021

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New use cases and applications in factory automation scenarios impose demanding requirements for traditional industrial communications. In particular, latency and reliability are considered as some of the most representative Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that limit the technological choices addressing wireless communications. Indeed, there is a considerable research effort ongoing in the area of wireless systems, not only from academia, but also from companies, towards novel solutions that fit Industry 4.0 KPIs. A major limitation for traditional wireless architectures is related to the harsh nature of the industrial propagation channel. Accordingly, this paper addresses these challenges by studying the reliability and latency performance of the joint use of different retransmission schemes in combination with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques. Two general retransmission schemes have been tested: time-based and spatial diversity-based retransmissions. An adaptive injection level NOMA solution has been combined with the retransmission schemes to improve the reliability of critical information. In all cases, a particular set of simulations has been carried out varying the main parameters, such as modulation, code rate and the injection level. Moreover, the impact of the number of transmitters in relation to the communication reliability has been analyzed. Results show that spatial diversity-based retransmissions overcome considerably the reliability obtained with time-domain retransmissions while maintaining assumable latency rates.

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NOMA-based 802.11n for Broadcasting Multimedia Content in Factory Automation Environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

Throughput of an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network in the Presence of Wireless Audio Transmission: A Laboratory Analysis

Analysis of NOMA-Based Retransmission Schemes for Factory Automation Applications

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