Nodulation Studies in Legumes III. The Effects of Delaying Inoculation on the Seedling Symbiosis of Barrel Medic, Medicago Tribuloides Desr.

Dart, P. J.; Pate, John S.

doi:10.1071/bi9590427

Cited by 61 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The plants were grown in a glasshouse with supplementary lighting to give a 12 h photoperiod at a minimum of 60 W m^ (400-700 /tm) and were irrigated daily with a fourfold diluted nutrient solution (Dart & Pate, 1959) adjusted to pH 6-7. The composition of the solution was as follows: 0-2 g CaSO^, 0-1 g K2HPO4, 0-05 g MgSO,.7H2O, Fe as chelate (5 mg Fe 1"') and minor element solution containing Mn, Zn, B, Cu, and Mo.…”

Section: Mathrials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1988

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SUMMARYExperiments were carried out to investigate the possibility that vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infection of grass {Lolium perenne L.) and clover {Trifolium repens L.) roots can enhance the exchange of nitrogen between the root systems of nitrogen-Hxing pasture legumes and associated grasses.The results showed higher rates of transfer of '''N applied as ('-'•NH,),,SO,, to the clover plants to companion grass plants when the roots were mycorrhizal. In some cases but not all the grass grew better in the mycorrhizal treatments.An experiment in which the clover and grass roots were separated by a 60/

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Section: Mathrials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1988

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“…was larger in nonnodulated plants than in nodulated plants grown at equivalent levels of applied N. Experiments with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and barrel medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr.) indicate that there is an inverse relationship between nodule number and lateral root formation (Nutman, 1948;Dart and Pate, 1959). Also, there are qualitative observations concerning differences between the root morphology of grain legumes provided combined N and those which are effectively nodulated (Weber, 1966;Wych and Rains, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Growth and Dry Matter Distribution of Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus Stress, Nodulation, and Nitrogen Source¹

Cassman¹,

Whitney²,

Stockinger

1980

Crop Science

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gy reducing nitrate when NO 3 -N is the source of available N. Thus, for legumes able to form symbiotic associations with Rh izobium, the pattern of dry matter distribution (DMD) within the plant will differ depending upon its mode of N nutrition.The partitioning of dry matter between root and shoot is a heritable characteristic determined by the genotype of the plant (Andrews, 1939;Shank, 1943). Root morphology likewise is considered to be genetically determined (Smith, 1934; Zobel, 1975;Street, 1969). The expression of these characteristics can be altered by environmental conditions. Deficiencies of essential mineral nutrients have been shown to affect both the DMD within the plant and lateral root development. Plants deficient in N or P tend to accumulate relatively more dry matter in their roots than do plants which are adequately supplied (Turner, 1922;Brouwer, 1962). Weisum (1958) demonstrated that root branching in pea (Ptsum sattvum L.) was stimulated by nutrients as follows: NO 3 -N>P>K> Mg>Ca. Nitrate applied to a discrete root segment increased both the rate of lateral root extension and number of lateral roots per unit length of root (Hackett, 1972; Mdntyre and Raju, 1967;Drew, 1975).The establishment of an active N-fixing nodule system on the roots of a legume complicates these relationships. During the vegetative stage of growth, active root nodules utilize significant quantities of photosynthate for nodule growth and for N fixation (Minchin and Pate, 1972;Herridge and Pate, 1977). Summerfield et al. (1977) found that the root:shoot dry weight ratio in cowpea (Yigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was larger in nonnodulated plants than in nodulated plants grown at equivalent levels of applied N. Experiments with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and barrel medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr.) indicate that there is an inverse relationship between nodule number and lateral root formation (Nutman, 1948;Dart and Pate, 1959). Also, there are qualitative observations concerning differences between the root morphology of grain legumes provided combined N and those which are effectively nodulated (Weber, 1966;Wych and Rains, 1978).The purpose of this study was to define the changes in DMD and root development in the soybean plant as influenced by the mode of N nutrition, the magnitude of root nodulation, and P deficiency. ABSTRACTIn the field, plant root development is of primary importance under P deficient conditions. Two sand culture experiments were conducted to examine the effects of P stress, nodulation, and N source on the growth, dry matter distribution, and root development of "Clark 63" soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). In both experiments two levels of N (0 and 5.0 mM N) were employed: plants were either solely dependent upon symbiotic N fixation (N-fixing), or primarily dependent upon uptake of combined N from the nutrient solution (N supplied). Nodule dry weight of N-fixing plants grown at the highest P level (2.0 µ/ml) comprised 9%, of total plant dry weight and 61% of root dry weight of 35-dayold soyb...

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“…Only the younger root cells of a legume, between the zone of root elongation and the zone of developing root hairs, are infectible (Bhuvaneswari et al, 1981). This transient susceptibility was shown previously by Dart and Pate (1959) who found that nodules developed on lower positions on the root, when the inoculation of Medicago seedlings was postponed until 5 to 25 days after sowing. As a result of root growth in this period, the infectible zones, 1 to 2 cm behind the root tips, moved further down.…”

Section: Rhizosphere-phmentioning

confidence: 73%

Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: pH dynamics in the rhizosphere of seedlings growing in rhizotrons

1990

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A lime-pellet around seeds of lucerne significantly increased crown nodulation in an acid soil. To investigate whether neutralization or calcium were of importance when lime was supplied, experiments with plants were done either in pots or in rhizotrons. Crown nodulation was used to quantify the effect of these two parameters.For the neutralization of the soil, KOH (in pots) or K2CO 3 (in rhizotrons) was added. The crown nodulation of pot-grown plants increased from 31% to 53%. In rhizotrons, the number of crownnodulated seedlings increased from 9% to 53%. If calcium was supplied additionally (as CaCI 2 or CaSO4), 63% crown nodulation was found in pots, and 68% in rhizotrons. These numbers are close to the crown nodulation with lime (CaCO3) alone: 70% in pots and 71% in rhizotrons. In the soil studied, the beneficial effect of lime is largely due to neutralization (80%), and only a minor part (20%) is due to the input of calcium.Using rhizotrons, the dynamics of the pH in the rhizosphere of lime-treated and untreated seedlings was followed during a period of 12 days. It was found that, even in the absence of lime, the pH along the taproot increased from 5.1 to 5.7. However, this did not result in the formation of root nodules. Nodulation was obtained only by adding neutralizing chemicals, which increased the pH during the initial 3 days, the acid sensitive period of the process.

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Nodulation Studies in Legumes III. The Effects of Delaying Inoculation on the Seedling Symbiosis of Barrel Medic, Medicago Tribuloides Desr.

Abstract: The technique of delayed inoculation with effective, ineffective, or mixtures of effective + ineffective nodule bacteria was used to study seedling symbiosis of barrel medic, M. tribuloides, in sand culture.

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Root Growth and Dry Matter Distribution of Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus Stress, Nodulation, and Nitrogen Source¹

Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: pH dynamics in the rhizosphere of seedlings growing in rhizotrons

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Nodulation Studies in Legumes III. The Effects of Delaying Inoculation on the Seedling Symbiosis of Barrel Medic, Medicago Tribuloides Desr.

Abstract: The technique of delayed inoculation with effective, ineffective, or mixtures of effective + ineffective nodule bacteria was used to study seedling symbiosis of barrel medic, M. tribuloides, in sand culture.

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Underground transfer of nitrogen between pasture plants infected with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Root Growth and Dry Matter Distribution of Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus Stress, Nodulation, and Nitrogen Source1

Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: pH dynamics in the rhizosphere of seedlings growing in rhizotrons

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Root Growth and Dry Matter Distribution of Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus Stress, Nodulation, and Nitrogen Source¹