Nodding syndrome: A key role for sources of nutrition?

Spencer, Peter S.; Okot, Caesar; Palmer, Valerie S.; Angues, Raquel Valdes; Mazumder, Rajarshi

doi:10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100401

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…It would be necessary to re-evaluate these toxins in future case-control studies, especially as another study of good quality according to the DCP scale found toxins (total aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and doxynivalenol) in some foods consumed in a Kitgum district (Ugandan) [27]. A recently published review (April 2022) looks at the key role that food sources may have in the development of NS [67]. In this paper, the authors investigated the sources of nutrition (other than emergency food aid) in food-insecure populations at risk of NS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping, Associated Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nodding Syndrome in Africa: A Systematic Review

Metanmo,

Dossa,

Ahmat

et al. 2024

Neuroepidemiology

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Introduction: Nodding Syndrome (NS) remains a poorly understood disorder. For a long time, it has been thought to be restricted to East Africa, however cases in Central Africa have been increasing over time. The objective of this systematic review (SR) was to provide a summary of the state of knowledge on NS to date. Methods: All original articles published on NS up to November 2021 were searched in four major databases and in the grey literature. Commentaries, editorials, book chapters, books, conference paper, qualitative studies that mentioned NS cases were also included. Data retrieved included study location, year of study and of publication, population characteristics, definition and diagnosis of NS, associated factors, and treatment if applicable. A meta-analysis of associated factors was performed where possible and results were presented as Odds Ratios and visualized as Forrest Plots. Geographic information systems were used for cartographic representations. The quality of the articles included was assessed. Results: Of the 876 articles initially identified, 67 (corresponding to 59 studies) were included in the SR. NS is only present in Central and East Africa. Interestingly, there were reports of NS in Central Africa prior to 2010, earlier than previously thought. The way NS diagnosis was established varies according to studies, and the 2012 WHO classification was used in only 60% of the studies. Approximately 11% of the articles did not meet the quality requirements set for this review. In our meta-analysis, the main factor associated with NS was onchocerciasis (OR = 8.8 [4.8, 15.9]). However, the pathophysiology of the disease remains poorly understood. The lack of common antiepileptic drugs is a significant barrier for the management of head nodding and associated epileptic seizures. Discussion/conclusion: The lack of an operational definition of NS is an obstacle to its diagnosis and thus to its appropriate treatment. Indeed, diagnostic difficulties might have led to false positives and false negatives which could have altered the picture of NS presented in this article. Treatment should take into account nutritional and psychological factors, as well as associated infections. Some risk factors deserve further investigation; therefore, we suggest a multicentric study with an etiological focus using a more operational definition of NS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping, Associated Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nodding Syndrome in Africa: A Systematic Review

Metanmo,

Dossa,

Ahmat

et al. 2024

Neuroepidemiology

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“…While the prevalence of nematode infection was not determined here, caregiver-reported use of the drug (ivermectin) administered to treat onchocerciasis showed some variability (64–76%) among NS, HC and CC subject groups. Interactions among multiple infectious agents (notably other neurotropic viruses) and their association with NS needs to be further evaluated in future studies, especially in the context of the pervasive malnutrition that has characterized outbreaks of NS [ 2 , 19 ]. The possibility that NS is related to progressive rubella panencephalitis, a disorder comparable clinically but evolving more slowly than SSPE several years after congenital or postnatal rubella infection [ 20 ], is unlikely based on present results ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary seroprevalence study of neurotropic virus antibodies in Nodding syndrome

Angues

Palmer²,

Mazumder³

et al. 2022

eNeurologicalSci

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“…An investigation is needed to understand agaritine derivatives or metabolites in mushrooms. While current data suggest potential weak carcinogenicity, particularly in mice, there's a lack of data for humans or other primates (37,39,40).…”

Section: Bioactivity Of Agaricus Spp and Agaritinementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Numerous feeding studies have consistently generated further evidence concerning the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of an agaritine-containing diet (37,39). Notably, the chronic consumption of lyophilized button mushrooms also demonstrated carcinogenic effects.…”

Section: Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, weak genotoxicity was later confirmed using orally administered 14 C-ring-labelled agaritine, the conclusion was that of 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine (HMPH), a free hydrazine compound, and leads to the formation of 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium (HMBD) ion through enzymatic oxidation (Figure 3). Research findings indicate that agaritine is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream (37,39). agaritine is a mild carcinogen.…”

Section: Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agaritine: A Natural Toxic Amino Acid Of cultivated Mushroom Agaricus Spp. And its potential Health Risk

Malík,

Malá,

Kumar Killi

et al. 2024

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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Agaritine, a naturally occurring amino acid and phenylhydrazine derivative found in mushrooms of the genus Agaricus, has gained attention due to its potential impact on human health. The presence of the hydrazine moiety in the structure of agaritine plays a crucial role in its toxicological properties. It has raised concerns due to its high reactivity as chemical radicals. Therefore, research is commonly focused on the potential health risks of agaritine and its possible role as a pro-carcinogenic agent. However, some studies did not provide evidence of agaritine's toxicological effects. Therefore, further research is needed to understand agaritine's mechanisms of action and its safe consumption levels in humans. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge surrounding agaritine and its potential health risks.

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Nodding syndrome: A key role for sources of nutrition?

Cited by 5 publications

References 70 publications

Mapping, Associated Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nodding Syndrome in Africa: A Systematic Review

Mapping, Associated Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nodding Syndrome in Africa: A Systematic Review

Preliminary seroprevalence study of neurotropic virus antibodies in Nodding syndrome

Agaritine: A Natural Toxic Amino Acid Of cultivated Mushroom Agaricus Spp. And its potential Health Risk

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