Nociceptor-dependent locomotor dysfunction after clinically-modeled hindlimb muscle stretching in adult rats with spinal cord injury

Keller, Anastasia; Hainline, Casey; Rees, Kathleen; Krupp, Sarah; Prince, Daniella; Wood, B Danni; Shum-Siu, Alice; Burke, Darlene A.; Petruska, Jeffrey C.; Magnuson, David S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.006

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Interestingly, the SLR is detectible during unstable postural balance tasks, such as leaning backwards, in healthy individuals but is absent in cerebellar ataxia patients, so it is believed that the SLR might represent a postural control response between TA and soleus (Suga et al., 2001). This hypothesis fits with previous data showing that an acute bout of prolonged static muscle stretching can negatively affect both static (i.e., postural sway) and dynamic balance in both clinical and healthy populations (Behm et al., 2004; Chatzopoulos et al., 2014; Han et al., 2014; Hemmati et al., 2016; Keller et al., 2019; Lima et al., 2014). Consequently, passive muscle stretching prior to performing balance exercises or activities may need to be avoided as they could impair performance and learning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plantar flexor muscle stretching depresses the soleus late response but not tendon tap reflexes

Pulverenti

Trajano

Kirk

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle spindle sensitivity with early and late soleus reflex responses via tendon taps and transcranial magnetic stimulation, respectively, after an acute bout of prolonged static plantar flexor muscle stretching. Seventeen healthy males were tested before and after 5 min (5 × 60-s stretches) of passive static stretching of the plantar flexor muscles. Maximal voluntary isometric torque and M wave-normalized triceps surae muscle surface electromyographic activity were recorded. Both soleus tendon reflexes, evoked by percussion of the Achilles tendon during rest and transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked soleus late responses during submaximal isometric dorsiflexion were also quantified. Significant decreases in maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion torque (−19.2 ± 13.6%, p = .002) and soleus electromyographic activity (−20.1 ± 11.4%, p < .001) were observed immediately after stretching, and these changes were highly correlated (r = 0.76, p < .001). No changes were observed in tendon reflex amplitude or latency or peak muscle twitch torque (p > .05). Significant reductions in soleus late response amplitudes (−46.9 ± 36.0%, p = .002) were detected, although these changes were not correlated with changes in maximal electromyographic activity, torque or tendon reflex amplitudes. No changes in soleus late response latency were detected. In conclusion, impaired neural drive was implicated in the stretch-induced force loss; however, no evidence was found that this loss was related to changes in muscle spindle sensitivity. We hypothesize that the decrease in soleus late response indicates a stretch-induced reduction in a polysynaptic postural reflex rather than spindle reflex sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plantar flexor muscle stretching depresses the soleus late response but not tendon tap reflexes

Pulverenti

Trajano

Kirk

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…This irregular muscle firing due to the stretching may explain the emergence of the irregular stepping patterns. A follow-up study demonstrated that ablation of nociceptors reduced stretching-induced locomotor deficits [174]. Nociceptors are often considered to be isolated in the sensory system, with the only overlap into motor systems occurring in withdrawal reflex circuitry.…”

Section: Rehabilitation and Afferent Driven Plasticity For Reaching And Graspingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in Cervical Motor Circuits following Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation

Walker

Detloff

2021

Biology

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Neuroplasticity is a robust mechanism by which the central nervous system attempts to adapt to a structural or chemical disruption of functional connections between neurons. Mechanical damage from spinal cord injury potentiates via neuroinflammation and can cause aberrant changes in neural circuitry known as maladaptive plasticity. Together, these alterations greatly diminish function and quality of life. This review discusses contemporary efforts to harness neuroplasticity through rehabilitation and neuromodulation to restore function with a focus on motor recovery following cervical spinal cord injury. Background information on the general mechanisms of plasticity and long-term potentiation of the nervous system, most well studied in the learning and memory fields, will be reviewed. Spontaneous plasticity of the nervous system, both maladaptive and during natural recovery following spinal cord injury is outlined to provide a baseline from which rehabilitation builds. Previous research has focused on the impact of descending motor commands in driving spinal plasticity. However, this review focuses on the influence of physical therapy and primary afferent input and interneuron modulation in driving plasticity within the spinal cord. Finally, future directions into previously untargeted primary afferent populations are presented.

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“…Previously, hindlimb stretching of spinal cord injured rats led to increased sprouting of nociceptive fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord [ 33 ]. Therefore, in addition to differentiating Aδ peptidergic nociceptive fibers from the other A-fibers, we investigated if mechanical stretch could enhance the outgrowth of nociceptive neurons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Stretch of Either PNS or CNS Located Nerves Can Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth

Kampanis

Tolou-Dabbaghian

Zhou

et al. 2020

Cells

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The central nervous system (CNS) does not recover from traumatic axonal injury, but the peripheral nervous system (PNS) does. We hypothesize that this fundamental difference in regenerative capacity may be based upon the absence of stimulatory mechanical forces in the CNS due to the protective rigidity of the vertebral column and skull. We developed a bioreactor to apply low-strain cyclic axonal stretch to adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) connected to either the peripheral or central nerves in an explant model for inducing axonal growth. In response, larger diameter DRG neurons, mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors showed enhanced neurite outgrowth as well as increased Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3).

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Nociceptor-dependent locomotor dysfunction after clinically-modeled hindlimb muscle stretching in adult rats with spinal cord injury

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Plantar flexor muscle stretching depresses the soleus late response but not tendon tap reflexes

Plantar flexor muscle stretching depresses the soleus late response but not tendon tap reflexes

Plasticity in Cervical Motor Circuits following Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation

Cyclic Stretch of Either PNS or CNS Located Nerves Can Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth

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