Nocardiosis Cutis Gangrenosa

Guy, W. H.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1933.01450040229004

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We chose 500 cases published since 1980 (recent) to compare with 500 cases published between 1950 and 1979 (past) (see the references in Table 1). In addition, we selected 50 cases described before the current antibiotic era (before 1950) to serve as a base in order to analyze historical trends in nocardial infections (39,102,103,112,140,152,155,207,213,230,231,236,247,270,272,291,295,308,342,367,379,436,531,619,679,706 (Table 2). However, in most instances, nocardiosis and tuberculosis were coexistent, and only the cases of tuberculosis that were identified by isolation of M. tuberculosis are included in this table.…”

Section: Cns Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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Section: Cns Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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“…occurs (353). All of the pathogenic Nocardia species may cause cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions; however, N. brasiliensis is the most frequently recognized cause of progressive disease, whereas N. asteroides may be a frequent cause of the more self-limited forms of infection (12, 16,99,100,124,156,269,291,293,296,315,352,353,410,423,542,547,580).…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose 500 cases published since 1980 (recent) to compare with 500 cases published between 1950 and 1979 (past) (see the references in Table 1). In addition, we selected 50 cases described before the current antibiotic era (before 1950) to serve as a base in order to analyze historical trends in nocardial infections (39,102,103,112,140,152,155,207,213,230,231,236,247,270,272,291,295,308,342,367,379,436,531,619,679,706). Unfortunately, the same amount of detailed information about each patient is not provided by the authors in every publication.…”

Section: Host-parasite Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

Beaman¹,

Beaman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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From the very beginning, there has been uncertainty over the taxonomic position of nocardioforms, i.e., bacteria that resemble Nocardia organisms. The specific taxonomy of isolates of this heterogenous group of organisms is still in flux and controversial (275, 278, 403, 404, 420, 584, 676, 699). During the ensuing 100 years, it has been shown that N. asteroides is a heterogeneous taxon (275, 403, 404, 420). It is not within the scope of this review to address this complex subject, yet it is important to note that N. asteroides, as currently defined, probably consists of several subtypes and/or species. These include N. asteroides sensu stricto, N. farcinica, N. nova, and several distinct serotypes and biotypes (278, 403, 404, 698, 699, 727). Regardless of their designation, all of these varieties of the N. asteroides taxon have been isolated from humans and animals with serious (often fatal) infections (93, 584, 698, 699). The other pathogenic Nocardia species appear to be taxonomically more homogeneous and include N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum (N. caviae), and N. transvalensis (275, 420). There is even one Nocardia species that infects plants: N. vaccinii, which causes galls on blueberry plants (420).

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Actinomycosis Without Granules

Gammel¹

1934

Arch Dermatol

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Nocardiosis Cutis Gangrenosa

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

Actinomycosis Without Granules

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