“…Until recently, microcystin intoxication was considered a public health issue mainly of freshwater habitat, reflected by the vast body of published literature on potential human health risks due to microcystin exposure in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and freshwater aquaculture [4], [13], [16], [24], [25], [26]. In contrast, monitoring of marine water and seafood for similar risks has been limited, despite confirmation of outflows of microcystin-contaminated freshwater to the ocean [14], [17], [27], [28], detection of impacts by microcystins on copepods, corals and fish [29]–[31] and identification of proteins with protein phosphatase inhibitory activity in seawater, suggesting the existence of an additional class of marine “Harmful Algal Blooms” (HAB); hepatotoxic shellfish poisoning (HSP) [15].…”