No-Tillage System Reduces Erosion From Continuous Corn Watersheds

Harrold, L. L.; Edwards, William M.

doi:10.13031/2013.36871

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Conservation tillage methods in agriculture are commonly seen as effective measures to protect soil against erosion (Gaynor and Findlay, 1995;Harrold and Edwards, 1974;Holland, 2004;Langdale et al, 1979). According to Potter et al (1995) and Torbert et al (1996), a 30% soil cover is usually used to define tillage systems as "conservative".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Hösl

Strauß

2016

CATENA

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If it comes to the advantages of conservation tillage practices, a considerable amount of evidence supports positive effects towards reduction of surface runoff and soil erosion. However studies concerning arable land frequently are conducted under ideal laboratory conditions or "controlled" field conditions, meaning that the experimental approaches were not managed by farmers in the way they usually perform conservation tillage but managed towards an optimisation of the tested features. In addition, applicability of different existing conservation tillage techniques such as no tillage or mulching may be regionally different. The alpine forelands of Central Europe are dominated by small scale farming systems which frequently have limited access to special machinery which is needed to successfully implement no tillage treatments. We therefore carried out rainfall simulation experiments employing conservation tillage practices to test the effectiveness of actual real life conservation tillage methods under conditions prevailing in the alpine forelands of Central Europe. Experiments were carried out in the years 2011 and 2012 for testing the relative performance of different mulching and no tillage treatments on surface runoff and erosion. The tested treatments for the year 2011 were a) no tillage with prior rough seedbed (NT1), b) no tillage with prior fine seedbed (NT2), c) mulching with rotary harrow (M1), d) mulching with rotary harrow and disc harrow (M2) and e) conventional tillage (CT11). The tested treatments for the year 2012 were a) combined mulching (MC), b) mulching with loosened wheel tracks (M−T), c) mulching without loosened wheel tracks (M+T) and d) conventional tillage (CT12). In 2011, total surface runoff and total soil loss for the different treatments were ordered as follows: NT1 b NT2 b CT11 b M1 b M2. No significant differences for total soil loss could be identified. For total surface runoff differences were significant (p b 0.05) between all treatments, except for NT2 and CT11. The treatments also differed with respect to runoff initiation, sediment concentrations and shear stress. As a main reason for the unexpected bad performance of the mulching treatments M1 and M2 lack of sufficient soil cover (M1: 6%, M2: 11%) together with shallow surface cultivation were identified. In 2012, total surface runoff and total soil loss for the different treatments were ordered as follows: MC b M−T b CT12 b M+T. Although there were a visible trend in these results, significant differences could only be observed for total surface runoff between treatments MC and M+T (p b 0.05). We attribute the good performance of treatment MC to the improved soil cover (25%). Wheel tracks of treatment M+T obviously had influenced soil erosion and surface runoff. Under real life conditions of agricultural conservation practices in small scale farming systems, a sufficient soil cover was not obtained for mulching treatments in 2011 and only partially in 2012. In contrast to the vast majority of literature that stresses the p...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Hösl

Strauß

2016

CATENA

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“…Conservation tillage, which involves the maintenance of crop residues on the soil surface, effectively controls soil erosion (Harrold and Edwards, 1974;Langdale et al, 1979) and enhances soil water conservation (Buchele et al, 1955;Mielke et al, 1986;Unger, 1984). According to the Agricultural Research Service (1981) conservation tillage means any tillage and planting system that leaves at least 30% of the soil surface covered by residues after planting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

László

Gyuricza

2004

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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Within the framework of cooperation between Szent István University and the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, a soil cultivation experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture was set up for the first time in Austria near Pyhra (Lower Austria) in 1996. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ridge tillage (RT) in comparison with conventional mouldboard ploughing in autumn (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on the penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (BD) and porosity (P) of sandy loam soil (Typic Agriudoll). Analyses were made for each treatment and for different parts of the ridge (top and side of the ridge, and interrow) in 1998, 2000 and 2002. The average PR and BD values were greatest in the no-tillage plot, being 3.42 MPa and 1.56 g·cm -3 , respectively. After six years, ridge tillage resulted in lower penetration resistance and bulk density values in the upper 20 cm than conventional tillage and no-tillage. Ridge tillage appears capable of reducing compaction in this soil. It can be concluded from the results that ridge tillage is capable of maintaining and improving favourable physical conditions in the soil.

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“…Harrold and Edward (1974) found that no-till systems prevent soil erosion especially after heavy rain. They found the soil loss 23 t ha -1 for conventional tillage and 2.5 ton ha -1 for no-till systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different tillage methods on mineral substance of raisins in organic grape growing

Ateş¹,

Ünal²,

Çakır³

et al. 2016

Acta Hortic.

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Turkey is the major producer and exporter of seedless raisins in the world. The largest area under organic raisin is located in Manisa (2655 ha) then İzmir (580 ha) in the Aegean Region and almost all the grapes are dried and exported to European countries in particular. Organic raisin production constitutes 1.35% of the total raisin production of Turkey. The research was carried out in Alaşehir-Yeşilyurt Enterprise of Viticulture Research Station from 2006 to 2007. The research was established in a 15 year-old 'Sultani Çekirdeksiz' vineyard under irrigable soil conditions in organic parcel. Three different tillage methods: conventional tillage, mulch tillage, and reduced tillage were applied on the trial parcels. The research was carried out as randomized block design trials with three replicates consisting of 12 vines per parcel. Mineral substance analyses of the raisins obtained from the applications were performed using the ICP-AES technique. It was found that there was highest average potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) contents of the raisin in mulch tillage; highest average magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) contents of the raisin in conventional tillage; highest average manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents of the raisin in reduced tillage at 5% significant level.

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No-Tillage System Reduces Erosion From Continuous Corn Watersheds

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Conservation tillage practices in the alpine forelands of Austria — Are they effective?

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

The effects of different tillage methods on mineral substance of raisins in organic grape growing

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