No-till and direct seeding agriculture in irrigated bean: Effect of incorporating crop residues on soil water availability and retention, and yield

Abstract

a b s t r a c tBrazil is one of the top world producers of the staple commodity common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Irregular distribution of rainfall and the lack of rain during the crop reproductive phases affect its yield and increase the demand of water for irrigation. However, in recent years, water resources have decreased and water saving has become an issue. Thus, soil management techniques, which reduce evaporation, and efficient irrigation programming, through the monitoring of soil water content, could be adopted in water scarcity scenarios. This study assesses the effect of crop residues management (incorporated IR or left on soil surface NR) in soil water availability (and its retention in the soil pore space), and yield in common beans cultivated under no-till and directly seeded in an irrigated farm located southwest of São Paulo state. Soil water content was monitored with TDR probes installed within the 0-20 cm layer and its retention was assessed through the soil water retention curve. For the same irrigation management, the IR led to soil water content was lower than NR but both soil managements had similar available water and their demand of water for irrigation was similar. For the same soil water content, NR soils could hold it tightly in the pore space and the root plant system would require higher energy to absorb it. Then, it is foreseen that the root system in IR soils will be shallower than in NR soils, since it will withdraw water easily within the first 20 cm, however, in NR, the roots will extend deeper searching for available water. Considering 40 kPa as a threshold value, the plants suffered water stress during all crop cycle at the same physiologic stages in both soils. The variables studied to assess yield presented no-statistical significance in the T test at significance level of 0.05.

Influence of Incorporating Shredded Corn Stover on some Physicochemical Properties of the Soil and Corn Crop Production

“…Physically, mulching improves soil structure and causes aggregate stability (Gregorich et al, 1997), while residue incorporation with the soil improves soil porosity (Mulumba and Lal, 2008). Hence, the incorporation of crop residues in the soil led to lower soil moisture contents than that in mulching on the soil surface (Souza et al, 2016). However, the influence of crop residue incorporation in the soil on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has to be also considered (Lehtinen et al, 2014).…”

Growth, production and yield of common bean under water replacement levels

“…Cultivation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in countries of tropical and subtropical climate are important sources of food, due to the low cost for the consumer and because it is nutritionally balanced, as well as the main source of protein for low-income populations (Souza et al, 2016;Padilla-Chacón et al, 2017).…”

Performance of the Aquacrop model for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under irrigation condition

“…Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of great importance for the Brazilian population, cultivated by farmers of different profiles at different scales, regions and production systems (Souza et al, 2016). Although this legume is considered a tropical crop with wide environmental adaptation, its productivity is still considered low (827 kg ha-1).…”