NO<sub>2</sub>: the gas that won't go away

Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01208.x

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Over the last decade, several studies have examined the effects of occupational exposure of cooks and cleaners of both sexes, producing somewhat inconsistent results (22)(23)(24)(25). In our study, all occupation groups (cooks, cleaners, and control office workers) consisted of subjects with similar demographic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Karadžinska-Bislimovska

Минов

Risteska-Kuc

et al. 2007

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in 43 women cleaners (aged 26 to 57) and 37 women cooks (aged 29 to 55) and compare them with 45 controls (women office workers aged 27 to 58). The evaluation of all subjects included a questionnaire, skin prick tests to common aeroallergens, spirometry, and histamine challenge (PC20≤8 mg mL -1 ). We found higher BHR prevalence in cleaners and cooks than in office workers (30.2 % and 29.7 %, vs. 17.7 %, respectively), but statistical significance was not reached. The prevalence of mild and moderate to severe BHR was similar in all groups. Borderline BHR prevalence was significantly higher in cleaners than in controls (16.2 % vs. 6.6 %, P=0.032) whereas the difference was on the verge of significance in cooks (13.5 % vs. 6.6 %, P=0.081). Moderate to severe BHR was strongly associated with positive family history of asthma and atopy in all groups. Mild BHR was significantly associated with daily smoking in cleaners (P=0.031) and cooks (P=0.021), as well as with the duration of exposure in cleaners (P=0.038). Borderline BHR was closely related to daily smoking and duration of exposure in both cleaners and cooks. Our findings indicate an important role of workplace exposure in borderline BHR development, as well as the significant effect of smoking on mild BHR development in women cleaners and cooks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Karadžinska-Bislimovska

Минов

Risteska-Kuc

et al. 2007

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…Due to the impact of NO 2 on air quality and its associated health impacts on both, short term and long-term exposures of the population (Brunekreef, 2001;Van Strien et al, 2004;Jarvis et al, 2005), the European Union (EU) has formulated different legislative frameworks in order to assess and manage air quality and to control the pollutants released in vehicle exhaust (Villena et al, 2011 and references therein). Within the framework of directive EC/2008/50 (EU, 2008) a mean annual limit value for NO 2 of 40 µg m −3 was adopted in the European Union on 1 January 2010, however, this limit is typically exceeded under urban conditions in many European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferences of commercial NO<sub>2</sub> instruments in the urban atmosphere and in a smog chamber

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Reliable measurements of atmospheric trace gases are necessary for both, a better understanding of the chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere, and for the validation of model predictions. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a toxic gas and is thus a regulated air pollutant. Besides, it is of major importance for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere and plays a pivotal role in the formation of ozone and acid precipitation. Detection of NO 2 is a difficult task since many of the different commercial techniques used are affected by interferences. The chemiluminescence instruments that are used for indirect NO 2 detection in monitoring networks and smog chambers use either molybdenum or photolytic converters and are affected by either positive (NO y ) or negative interferences (radical formation in the photolytic converter). Erroneous conclusions on NO 2 can be drawn if these interferences are not taken into consideration. In the present study, NO 2 measurements in the urban atmosphere, in a road traffic tunnel and in a smog-chamber using different commercial techniques, i.e. chemiluminescence instruments with molybdenum or photolytic converters, a Luminol based instrument and a new NO 2 -LOPAP, were compared with spectroscopic techniques, i.e. DOAS and FTIR. Interferences of the different instruments observed during atmospheric measurements were partly characterised in more detail in the smog chamber experiments. Whereas all the commercial instruments showed strong interferences, excellent agreement was obtained between a new NO 2 -LOPAP instrument and the FTIR technique for the measurements performed in the smog chamber.

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“…The components of photochemical smog, NO 2 and O 3 , induce inflammatory airway responses, enhance immediate- as well as late-phase responses to allergens, and reduce resistance against infections [1, 4, 5]. Recently, it has been demonstrated that NO 2 and O 3 in polluted urban air are also capable of modifying airborne proteins [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitration Enhances the Allergenic Potential of Proteins

Gruijthuijsen

Grieshuber²,

Stöcklinger³

et al. 2006

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

117

113

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Background: Recent investigations have shown that proteins, including Bet v 1a, are nitrated by exposure to polluted urban air. We have investigated immunogenic and allergenic properties of in vitro nitrated allergens in in vivo models. Methods: Untreated and nitrated samples of ovalbumin or Bet v 1a were compared for their ability to stimulate proliferation and cytokine secretion in splenocytes from DO11.10 or from sensitized BALB/c mice, and for their ability to induce specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2a and IgE in sensitized mice. Additionally, sera from birch pollen-allergic individuals were analysed for IgE and IgG specific for nitrated Bet v 1a. Results: Upon splenocyte stimulation with nitrated as compared with unmodified allergens, proliferation as well as interleukin 5 and interferon-γ production were enhanced. Sera of mice sensitized with nitrated allergens showed elevated levels of specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, compared with sera from mice sensitized with unmodified allergens. Moreover, cross-reactivity of antibodies against unrelated, nitrated allergens was observed in mice. We also found higher amounts of functional, specific IgE against nitrated than against untreated Bet v 1a in sera from birch pollen-allergic patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nitration enhances allergic responses, which may contribute to an increased prevalence of allergic diseases in polluted urban environments.

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NO₂: the gas that won't go away

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Interferences of commercial NO<sub>2</sub> instruments in the urban atmosphere and in a smog chamber

Nitration Enhances the Allergenic Potential of Proteins

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NO2: the gas that won't go away

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Women Cooks and Cleaners

Interferences of commercial NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; instruments in the urban atmosphere and in a smog chamber

Nitration Enhances the Allergenic Potential of Proteins

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Product

Resources

About

NO₂: the gas that won't go away

Interferences of commercial NO<sub>2</sub> instruments in the urban atmosphere and in a smog chamber