No one knows what attention is

Hommel, Bernhard; Chapman, Craig S.; Cisek, Paul; Neyedli, Heather F.; Song, Joo‐Hyun; Welsh, Timothy N.

doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01846-w

Cited by 204 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The glut of different experimental approaches and conceptualizations to study what is spoken of as a single concept, however, has led to something of a backlash amongst researchers. As was claimed in the title of a recent article arguing for a more evolution-informed approach to the concept, "No one knows what attention is" (Hommel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning

Lindsay

2020

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

177

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Attention is the important ability to flexibly control limited computational resources. It has been studied in conjunction with many other topics in neuroscience and psychology including awareness, vigilance, saliency, executive control, and learning. It has also recently been applied in several domains in machine learning. The relationship between the study of biological attention and its use as a tool to enhance artificial neural networks is not always clear. This review starts by providing an overview of how attention is conceptualized in the neuroscience and psychology literature. It then covers several use cases of attention in machine learning, indicating their biological counterparts where they exist. Finally, the ways in which artificial attention can be further inspired by biology for the production of complex and integrative systems is explored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning

Lindsay

2020

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

177

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“…It has long been argued that one of the major roles of the brain is to produce movement (35,50,53,54) and that this capacity, among others, involves prediction (55,56). In short, several theories posit that the brain, rather than using the accumulation of bottom-up sensory cues to build a model of the world, instead builds predictions about the current state of the world and compares these predictions to incoming sensory information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching for known unknowns: Rapid reach decisions accurately reflect the future state of dynamic probabilistic information

Wispinski¹,

Stone²,

Bertrand

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Everyday tasks such as catching a ball appear effortless, but in fact require complex interactions and tight temporal coordination between the brain's visual and motor systems. What makes such interceptive actions particularly impressive is the capacity of the brain to account for temporal delays in the central nervous system - a limitation that can be mitigated by making predictions about the environment as well as one's own actions. Here, we wanted to assess how well human participants can plan an upcoming movement based on a dynamic, predictable stimulus that is not the target of action. A central stationary or rotating stimulus determined the probability that each of two potential targets would be the eventual target of a rapid reach-to-touch movement. We examined the extent to which reach movement trajectories convey internal predictions about the future state of dynamic probabilistic information conveyed by the rotating stimulus. We show that movement trajectories reflect the target probabilities determined at movement onset, suggesting that humans rapidly and accurately integrate visuospatial predictions and estimates of their own reaction times to effectively guide action.

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“…and relies on complex multi-channel sensorimotor process. 48 A dedicated study, investigating how some of these underlying processes can predict VS would thus be necessary before testing the potential bias of such processes on participants' responses.…”

Section: Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Children with Dyslexia Have Altered Cross-Modal Processing Linked to Binocular Fusion. A Pilot Study</p>

Quercia¹,

Pozzo²,

Marino³

et al. 2020

OPTH

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Introduction: The cause of dyslexia, a reading disability characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, is unknown. A considerable body of evidence shows that dyslexics have phonological disorders. Other studies support a theory of altered cross-modal processing with the existence of a pan-sensory temporal processing deficit associated with dyslexia. Learning to read ultimately relies on the formation of automatic multisensory representations of sounds and their written representation while eyes fix a word or move along a text. We therefore studied the effect of brief sounds on vision with a modification of binocular fusion at the same time (using the Maddox Rod test). Methods: To check if the effect of sound on vision is specific, we first tested with sounds and then replaced them with proprioceptive stimulation on 8 muscular sites. We tested two groups of children composed respectively of 14 dyslexic children and 10 controls. Results: The results show transient visual scotoma (VS) produced by sensory stimulations associated with the manipulation of oculomotor balance, the effect being drastically higher in the dyslexic group. The spatial distribution of the VS is stochastic. The effect is not specific for sounds but exists also with proprioceptive stimulations. Discussion: Although there was a very significant difference between the two groups, we were not able to correlate the (VS) occurrence with the dyslexic's reading performance. One possibility to confirm the link between VS and reading impairment would be to find a specific treatment reducing the occurrence of the VS and to check its effect on dyslexia.

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No one knows what attention is

Cited by 204 publications

References 148 publications

Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning

Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning

Reaching for known unknowns: Rapid reach decisions accurately reflect the future state of dynamic probabilistic information

<p>Children with Dyslexia Have Altered Cross-Modal Processing Linked to Binocular Fusion. A Pilot Study</p>

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