No evidence that lionfish Pterois miles coordinate and reciprocate during hunts

Abstract

Decision rules underlying cooperative hunting can range from very simple to very complex. As lionfishes are naturally solitary hunters, an experimental study documenting active recruitment, coordination and alternating (potentially reciprocal) striking in dwarf lionfish Dendrochirus zebra received major attention. A hypothesis was that sophisticated coordinated hunting may also contribute to the successful invasion of another lionfish species, Pterois miles , in the Caribbean. However, we did not find recruitment signalling in P. miles in parts of its native range, the Red Sea. Here, we expand on these results, testing for coordinated movements and for alternation in strikes . We exposed subject pairs to inaccessible prey in three transparent housings. The two lionfish did not aggregate at the same prey housing or even share larger space units in the presence of prey. In a second experiment, we found that some alternation can be induced if prey items become alternately accessible at two corners, with each lionfish tending to monopolize one corner each. When the movement of prey is slow or even absent, we observed less alternation than expected by chance. In conclusion, P. miles in the Red Sea does not use any coordination to hunt prey.

Social predation by a nudibranch mollusc

“…Complex social predation strategies, which include choreographed attack patterns, are used by animals that live socially (Berghänel et al, 2022) as well as by animals that are generally solitary (Lührs and Dammhahn, 2010; Twining and Mills, 2021). Some species are able to subdue or consume their prey in a way that is more efficient as a result of their collective actions, for example electric eels sometimes herd and surround their prey and then subdue large numbers with joint electrical strikes (Bastos et al, 2021) and lionfish which have increased success during hunting when multiple individuals attack the same group, but do not show coordination (Lönnstedt et al, 2014; Sarhan and Bshary, 2023). This framework also encompasses more simple forms of social predation characterized by aggregation, such as that of brown bears who live solitarily, but aggregate at food sources (Deacy et al, 2016), and predatory nematode-hunting mites that aggregate around injured prey (Aguilar-Marcelino et al, 2014).…”