No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos (
            <i>Junco hyemalis</i>
            ) in Southern California

Wong, Felisha; Diamant, Eleanor S.; Walters, Marlene; Yeh, Pamela J.

doi:10.1098/rsos.220178

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 120 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…At the individual level, noise levels within a territory are positively related to the minimum frequency of the territory holder's song on a gradient scale, as demonstrated in the study of the great tit P. major by Slabbekoorn and Peet (2003), leading to the initial hypothesis that IMF is an adaptation to noise. However, at the population level, the majority of studies have employed a dichotomous approach to investigate the noise levels and IMF (Wong et al 2022 for dark‐eyed juncos Junco hyemalis ; Moseley et al (2019) for white‐crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli ). This dichotomous approach categorizes the populations into two distinct groups: urban populations characterized by significantly high levels of urban noise and nonurban populations marked by significantly low levels of urban noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect sizes of divergence in urban noise and song minimum frequency of grey‐cheeked fulvettas Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia

Shieh,

Liang,

Jen

2023

Journal of Avian Biology

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Noise pollution, one of the most prominent features of urbanization, is an important factor influencing the vocal behavior of urban wildlife. Studies have reported that many songbirds raise their song minimum frequencies in response to urban noise. It has been proposed that this increased minimum frequency (IMF) of songs is an adaptation that allows urban populations to cope with the masking effect of noise pollution. However, urban populations of some songbirds do not exhibit significant IMF compared with non‐urban populations; thus, the notion that IMF is an adaptation to urban noise has been questioned. Furthermore, the effects of IMF might be influenced by both noise levels and the acoustic structures of songs. Here, we employed dichotomous and gradient effect size approaches to investigate IMF regarding two distinct acoustic structures (whistled and harmonic) in songs of six grey‐cheeked fulvetta Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia populations in Taiwan, three with high noise pollution and three with low noise pollution. We found that when using the dichotomous approach, paired populations with significant divergence in noise levels exhibited weak or insignificant divergence in the minimum frequencies for both whistled and harmonic phrases. In contrast, we found that when using the gradient approach, the effect size of noise‐level divergence was strongly correlated with the effect size of divergence in the minimum frequency of the harmonic phrase and only moderately correlated with the effect size of divergence in the minimum frequency of the whistled phrase. These findings suggest that noise pollution has a more pronounced effect on the divergence in the minimum frequency of harmonic phrases used in short‐range communication, compared to the whistled phrases used in long‐range communication. For population comparisons on the IMF, adopting a gradient approach could provide insights into the impact of noise pollution on the acoustic structures of songs across various communication ranges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect sizes of divergence in urban noise and song minimum frequency of grey‐cheeked fulvettas Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia

Shieh,

Liang,

Jen

2023

Journal of Avian Biology

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Complex patterns of morphological diversity across multiple populations of an urban bird species

Diamant,

Yeh

2024

Evolution

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Urbanization presents a natural evolutionary experiment because selection pressures in cities can be strongly mismatched with those found in species’ historic habitats. However, some species have managed to adapt and even thrive in these novel conditions. When a species persists across multiple cities, a fundamental question arises: do we see similar traits evolve under similar novel environments? By testing if and how similar phenotypes emerge across multiple urban populations, we can begin to assess the predictability of population response to anthropogenic change. Here, we examine variation within and across multiple populations of a songbird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured morphological variations in juncos across urban and non-urban populations in Southern California. We investigated whether the variations we observed are due to differences in environmental conditions across cities. Bill shape differed across urban populations; Los Angeles and Santa Barbara juncos had shorter, deeper bills than non-urban juncos, but San Diego juncos did not. On the other hand, wing length decreased with the built environment, regardless of the population. Southern Californian urban juncos exhibit both similarities and differences in morphological traits. Studying multiple urban populations can help us determine the predictability of phenotypic evolutionary response to novel environments.

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No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) in Southern California

et al. 2022

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Urbanization can affect species communication by introducing new selection pressures, such as noise pollution and different environmental transmission properties. These selection pressures can trigger divergence between urban and non-urban populations. Songbirds rely on vocalizations to defend territories and attract mates. Urban songbirds have been shown in some species and some populations to increase the frequencies, reduce the length and change other temporal features of their songs. This study compares songs from four urban and three non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) throughout Southern California. We examined song length, trill rate, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, peak frequency and frequency bandwidth. We also compared songs recorded from one urban junco population in San Diego nearly two decades ago with recently collected data in 2018–2020. Over all comparisons, we only found significant differences between UCLA and the 2006/2007 UCSD field seasons in minimum and maximum frequencies. These findings partially support and are partially in contrast to previous urban song studies. As urban areas expand, more opportunities will arise to understand urban song divergence in greater detail.

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No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) in Southern California

Cited by 3 publications

References 120 publications

Effect sizes of divergence in urban noise and song minimum frequency of grey‐cheeked fulvettas Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia

Effect sizes of divergence in urban noise and song minimum frequency of grey‐cheeked fulvettas Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia

Complex patterns of morphological diversity across multiple populations of an urban bird species

No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) in Southern California

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