No Evidence for Genotoxic Effects from 24 h Exposure of Human Leukocytes to 1.9 GHz Radiofrequency Fields

McNamee, James P.; Bellier, Pascale V.; Gajda, G. B.; Lavallée, Bernard; Marro, Leonora; Lemay, Eric; Thansandote, A.

doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0693:nefgef]2.0.co;2

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[27] PBL cultures exposed to both CW and PW 1.9 GHz RFR at SAR 0-10 W/kg for 24 h revealed no significant increase in DNA damage or MN frequency. [28] No statistically significant differences in the level of DNA damage or apoptosis by SCGE assay and annexin V affinity assay, respectively were observed between sham-treated and RF-exposed Molt-4T lymphoblastoid cells. [29] In the light of this literature it can be observed that the studies documenting positive genotoxicity are those where there is mostly in vivo occupational exposure to RFR of mobile phone range.…”

Section: Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Of Individuals (N = 24)mentioning

confidence: 84%

Genetic damage in mobile phone users: some preliminary findings

Gandhi

Anita

2005

Indian J Hum Genet

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BACKGROUND :The impact of microwave (MW)/radio frequency radiation (RFR) on important biological parameters is probably more than a simply thermal one. Exposure to radio frequency (RF) signals generated by the use of cellular telephones have increased dramatically and reported to affect physiological, neurological, cognitive and behavioural changes and to induce, initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Genotoxicity of RFR has also been reported in various test systems after in vitro and/or in vivo exposure but none in mobile phone users. AIMS : In the present study, DNA and chromosomal damage investigations were carried out on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals using mobile phones, being exposed to MW frequency ranging from 800 to 2000 MHz. METHODS : DNA damage was assessed using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and aneugenic and clastogenic damage by the in vivo capillary blood micronucleus test (MNT) in a total of 24 mobile phone users. RESULTS : Mean comet tail length (26.76 ± 0.054 µm; 39.75% of cells damaged) in mobile phone users was highly significant from that in the control group. The in vivo capillary blood MNT also revealed highly significant (0.25) frequency of micronucleated (MNd) cells. CONCLUSIONS : These results highlight a correlation between mobile phone use (exposure to RFR) and genetic damage and require interim public health actions in the wake of widespread use of mobile telephony.Key words: DNA damage; micronuclei; microwaves; Genetic damage in mobile phone users: some preliminary findingsGursatej Gandhi, AnitaDepartment of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005.The continued spread of mobile telephony is of serious concerns since a relationship between electromagnetic fields radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) radiation and adverse health effects at low intensity exposures exists. The cell (mobile) phone is an appliance [3] and decreased fertility in mice. [4] Cancer risks and genotoxicity from exposure to RF fields in vivo and in vitro have rather been points of cynosure since equivocal evidences exist. [5][6][7][8] Results Peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals (n = 24)using mobile phones were processed in order to assess whether mobile phone usage induces chromosomal and DNA damage. All those evaluated for the MN test (n = 20) were also investigated for DNA damage and so are included among those (n = 24) for which the SCGE assay was performed [ Table 1]. Samples from age-, sex-and socioeconomic status-matched controls (n = 11) were also processed for DNA damage (n = 10) and the MN test (n = 8). There were only three females among mobile phone users; very few smokers (n = 2) and those taking alcohol (n = 2). None of the subjects had any family history of any genetic anomaly or major illness nor had they undergone irradiation examination or been exposed to organic solvents and for the last 6 months none have been on medication or on drugs and no one did any regular exercise. The reproductive performance of married individuals (n = 7) ...

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Section: Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Of Individuals (N = 24)mentioning

confidence: 84%

Genetic damage in mobile phone users: some preliminary findings

Gandhi

Anita

2005

Indian J Hum Genet

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“…However, several studies have found no significant association between genotoxicity and RF field exposure. McNamee et al [2003] found no evidence that 1.9 GHz RF field induced primary DNA damage and micronucleus incidence in human leukocyte cultures after 2 and 24 h exposure periods. Hook et al [2004] showed that exposure of human lymphoblastic leukemia cells to RF radiation did not induce alterations in the level of DNA damage or apoptosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Phosphorylation and gene expression of p53 are not affected in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW or W-CDMA modulated radiation allocated to mobile radio base stations

Hirose

Sakuma

Kaji

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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A large-scale in vitro study focusing on low-level radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile radio base stations employing the International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) cellular system was conducted to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields induce apoptosis or other cellular stress response that activate p53 or the p53-signaling pathway. First, we evaluated the response of human cells to microwave exposure at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 80 mW/kg, which corresponds to the limit of the average whole-body SAR for general public exposure defined as a basic restriction by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Second, we investigated whether continuous wave (CW) and wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) modulated signal RF fields at 2.1425 GHz induced apoptosis or any signs of stress. Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA radiation at SARs of 80, 250, and 800 mW/kg, and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 or 48 h. Human IMR-90 fibroblasts from fetal lungs were exposed to both W-CDMA and CW radiation at a SAR of 80 mW/kg for 28 h. Under the RF field exposure conditions described above, no significant differences in the percentage of apoptotic cells were observed between the test groups exposed to RF signals and the sham-exposed negative controls, as evaluated by the Annexin V affinity assay. No significant differences in expression levels of phosphorylated p53 at serine 15 or total p53 were observed between the test groups and the negative controls by the bead-based multiplex assay. Moreover, microarray hybridization and real-time RT-PCR analysis showed no noticeable differences in gene expression of the subsequent downstream targets of p53 signaling involved in apoptosis between the test groups and the negative controls. Our results confirm that exposure to low-level RF signals up to 800 mW/kg does not induce p53-dependent apoptosis, DNA damage, or other stress response in human cells.

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“…Various human cell lines (normal and diploid fibroblasts, lymphocytes, glioblastoma cells, neuroblastoma cells, glioblastoma cells and leucocytes) as well as rat granulosa cells and mouse fibroblasts were used. In most of the studies, no effects of RF field exposure were seen [Malyapa et al, 1997;Li et al, 2001;Maes et al, 2001;Tice et al, 2002;McNamee et al, 2003;Hook et al, 2004b;Sakuma et al, 2006;Luukkonen et al, 2010]. Both increased and decreased DNA damage was reported in human Molt-4 lymphoblastoid cells after very low-level RF field exposure [Phillips et al, 1998].…”

Section: Review Of Experimental Observations Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several in vitro studies of micronucleus induction in mouse embryo fibroblasts [Bisht et al, 2002], human leucocytes [Tice et al, 2002;McNamee et al, 2003;Zeni et al, 2003] and human lymphocytes [d 'Ambrosio et al, 2002;Vijayalaxmi, 2006] have been published since 1998. Only one reported statistically significant effects; increased micronucleus frequency was found following exposure to a 1748 MHz phase-modulated RF field, but not after corresponding exposure to a CW field [d' Ambrosio et al, 2002].…”

Section: Review Of Experimental Observations Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of possible modulation‐dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields

Juutilainen

Höytö

Kumlin

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

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The biological effects of modulated radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields have been a subject of debate since early publications more than 30 years ago, suggesting that relatively weak amplitude-modulated RF electromagnetic fields have specific biological effects different from the well-known thermal effects of RF energy. This discussion has been recently activated by the increasing human exposure to RF fields from wireless communication systems. Modulation is used in all wireless communication systems to enable the signal to carry information. A previous review in 1998 indicated that experimental evidence for modulation-specific effects of RF energy is weak. This article reviews recent studies (published after 1998) on the biological effects of modulated RF fields. The focus is on studies that have compared the effects of modulated and unmodulated (continuous wave) RF fields, or compared the effects of different kinds of modulations; studies that used only one type of signal are not included. While the majority of recent studies have reported no modulation-specific effects, there are a few interesting exceptions indicating that there may be specific effects from amplitude-modulated RF fields on the human central nervous system. These findings warrant follow-up studies.

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No Evidence for Genotoxic Effects from 24 h Exposure of Human Leukocytes to 1.9 GHz Radiofrequency Fields

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Genetic damage in mobile phone users: some preliminary findings

Genetic damage in mobile phone users: some preliminary findings

Phosphorylation and gene expression of p53 are not affected in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW or W-CDMA modulated radiation allocated to mobile radio base stations

Review of possible modulation‐dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields

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