No Easy Alternatives to Conservation Enforcement: Response to Challender and Macmillan

Phelps, Jacob; Shepherd, Chris R.; Reeve, Rosalind; Niissalo, Matti A.; Webb, Edward L.

doi:10.1111/conl.12094

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the market network described here could be key in identifying locations for increased enforcement to help curb pangolin trade (Phelps et al 2014), pangolin conservation will also require additional interventions beyond seizures and penalties. Social marketing and public education, demand reduction, and conservation awareness programs will all be crucial components of a successful and integrated conservation program in China, and in other pangolin range states (Zhang et al 2008;Challender & MacMillan 2014;Zhou et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Pangolin Seizures in China Reveal Priority Areas for Intervention

Cheng

Xing

Bonebrake

2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All pangolin species globally are now listed under Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) due to escalating demand for their meat and scales, often for use in traditional medicine. While China has introduced pangolin trade restrictions, the country continues to represent the largest market and destination for pangolin products. We summarize pangolin seizure data reported in public media from 2008 to 2016, incorporating often neglected small seizures reported in Chinese. During that period, the equivalent of 65,849 pangolin individuals (23,109 individuals and 21,377 kg of scales) was recorded in 206 seizures in China. Using social network analysis, Guangzhou, Fangchenggang, and Kunming were identified as key nodes of the illegal pangolin market. Our work highlights the scale and scope of pangolin trade in China, applies novel methods for analyzing trade patterns, and offers guidance for future law enforcement and policy interventions for combatting wildlife trade internationally.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Pangolin Seizures in China Reveal Priority Areas for Intervention

Cheng

Xing

Bonebrake

2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A critical need is for better understanding of where and how community-level approaches can effectively help combat IWT (Biggs et al 2016). State-led and/or private law enforcement will rightly continue to play an essential role in successful natural resource management and in the battle against IWT (Phelps et al 2014). However, a frequent, often narrow preoccupation with this approach may be compromising the possibilities for exploring fruitful and complementary pathways that engage and support communitiesrisking the undermining of anti-IWT efforts by alienating or disenfranchising local residents in source areas of illicit wildlife goods.…”

Section: Where To From Here?mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Poachers to Protectors: Engaging Local Communities in Solutions to Illegal Wildlife Trade

Cooney

Roe

Dublin

et al. 2016

CONSERVATION LETTERS

171

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Combating the surge of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) devastating wildlife populations is an urgent global priority for conservation. There are increasing policy commitments to take action at the local community level as part of effective responses. However, there is scarce evidence that in practice such interventions are being pursued and there is scant understanding regarding how they can help. Here we set out a conceptual framework to guide efforts to effectively combat IWT through actions at community level. This framework is based on articulating the net costs and benefits involved in supporting conservation versus supporting IWT, and how these incentives are shaped by anti-IWT interventions. Using this framework highlights the limitations of an exclusive focus on "top-down," enforcement-led responses to IWT. These responses can distract from a range of other approaches that shift incentives for local people toward supporting conservation rather than IWT, as well as in some cases actually decrease the net incentives in favor of wildlife conservation.

show abstract

“…), and false dichotomies to describe possible solutions, of which enforcement versus community engagement (Challender & Macmillan , ; Phelps et al. ) or trophy hunting versus photo tourism (Di Minin et al. ) are 2 examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temptation to intervene based on weakly supported preconceptions particularly plagues efforts to reduce illegal use of wildlife and stem the flow of illegal wildlife products from protected areas. Here conflicting narratives revolve around who is involved, what factors drive people to become involved (Duffy et al 2016), and false dichotomies to describe possible solutions, of which enforcement versus community engagement (Challender & Macmillan 2014aPhelps et al 2014) or trophy hunting versus photo tourism (Di Minin et al 2016) are 2 examples. In the face of such competing arguments, robust interventions require an evidence-based approach in which the relative importance of different behavioral drivers is evaluated using a broad evidence base and the likely performance of alternative interventions assessed prior to their implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions

Travers

Archer

Mwedde

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In conservation understanding the drivers of behavior and developing robust interventions to promote behavioral change is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach. This is particularly true for efforts to address illegal wildlife use, where pervasive—and sometimes simplistic—narratives often obscure complex realities. We used an indirect questioning approach, the unmatched count technique, to investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding 2 national parks in Uganda and combined scenario interviews and a choice experiment to predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, we found that better‐off households and those subject to human–wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks’ tourism revenue sharing were more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting. The interventions predicted to have the greatest impact on reducing local participation in wildlife crime were those that directly addressed the drivers including, mitigating damage caused by wildlife and generating financial benefits for park‐adjacent households. Our triangulated approach provided insights into complex and hard‐to‐access behaviors and highlighted the importance of going beyond single‐driver narratives.

show abstract

No Easy Alternatives to Conservation Enforcement: Response to Challender and Macmillan

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Recent Pangolin Seizures in China Reveal Priority Areas for Intervention

Recent Pangolin Seizures in China Reveal Priority Areas for Intervention

From Poachers to Protectors: Engaging Local Communities in Solutions to Illegal Wildlife Trade

Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About