No difference between venous and capillary blood sampling and the Minimed continuous glucose monitoring system for determining the blood glucose response to food

Wallace, Alison; Willis, Jinny; Monro, John; Frampton, Chris; Hedderley, Duncan; Scott, Russell S.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.07.007

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At times when blood glucose concentrations are changing at very high rates (>27 mmol/l per min), the delay may result in an underestimation of the rate of change in blood glucose concentrations [40] or failure to detect rapid, transitory excursions [41]. However, CGMS has been validated against measures of venous and capillary blood as a tool to measure glycaemic responses to meal ingestion [42], and exercise does not appear to influence the duration of the lag time between changes in capillary and interstitial glucose [38], the relative difference (~15%) in CGMS and glucometer recordings [41], or the rate of accurately identifying hypoglycaemic excursions in patients with type 1 diabetes [41]. Thus, it is unlikely that exercise appreciably influenced the accuracy or reliability of the CGMS measures in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA1c. While chronic exercise reduces HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training. Methods Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (n=13, age 53±2 years, HbA1c 6.6±0.2% (49.1±1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period. Results 7D-EX attenuated PPG (p<0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (p<0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT. Conclusions/interpretation 7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2012

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“…A larger variation in the blood glucose rate of change indicates a more rapid and pronounced blood glucose fluctuation. Validation studies indicated that the Minimed CGMS is adequate for testing the glucose response to foods [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raised FGF-21 and Triglycerides Accompany Increased Energy Intake Driven by Protein Leverage in Lean, Healthy Individuals: A Randomised Trial

et al. 2016

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A dominant appetite for protein drives increased energy intake in humans when the proportion of protein in the diet is reduced down to approximately 10% of total energy. Compensatory feeding for protein is apparent over a 1–2 d period but the mechanisms driving this regulation are not fully understood. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been identified as a candidate protein signal as levels increase in the circulation when dietary protein is low. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to assess whether changes in percent dietary protein over a 4 d ad libitum experimental period in lean, healthy participants influenced energy intake, metabolic health, circulating FGF-21 and appetite regulating hormones including ghrelin, glucagon like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin. Twenty-two lean, healthy participants were fed ad libitum diets containing 10, 15 and 25% protein, over three, 4 d controlled, in-house experimental periods. Reduced dietary protein intake from 25% to 10% over a period of 4 d was associated with 14% increased energy intake (p = 0.02) as previously reported, and a 6-fold increase in fasting circulating plasma FGF-21 levels (p<0.0001), a 1.5-fold increase in serum triglycerides (p<0.0001), and a 0.9-fold decrease in serum total cholesterol (p = 0.02). Serum HDL cholesterol was reduced with a reduction in dietary protein from 15% to 10% (p = 0.01) over 4 d but not from 25% to 10% (p = 0.1) and the change from baseline was not different between diets. Plasma fasting insulin levels following the 4 d study period were significantly lower following the 25% ad libitum study period compared to the 15% protein period (p = 0.014) but not the 10% protein period (p = 0.2). Variability in interstitial glucose during each study period increased with a decrease in dietary protein from 25% to 15% and 10% (p = 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively). Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin were unchanged. Increases in energy intake, plasma FGF-21 and serum triglycerides were associated with reductions in percent dietary protein from 25% to 10% energy over a 4 d ad libitum in-house feeding period and may be important in regulation of dietary protein intake.Trial RegistrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000144415

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“…Even though this approach differs from the traditional method recommended by the WHO, 7 previous studies have shown high correlation in GI outcomes between both methods, 32,33 and the accuracy of the CGMS was proven. [34][35][36][37] The fact that test meals were eaten both for breakfast and for dinner led to a higher number of tests in one test period. 19 In addition, at-home food testing provided a more relaxed atmosphere for all subjects compared to the traditional laboratory setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Hyperglycemic Response to Foods in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: A Pilot Study

Peterson

Chlup

Zapletalová

et al. 2010

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Background: The purpose of this prospective open-label trial was (1) to assess the Influence of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) on the glycemic index (GI), glucose response curves (GRCs), daily mean plasma glucose (MPG) and (2) to compare the GI of foods in persons with OAD-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the respective GI in healthy persons (HP). Methods: Tested foods containing 50 g of carbohydrates were eaten for breakfast and dinner after 10 and 4 h of fasting, respectively. Glycemic index, GRC, and MPG were obtained using the CGMS® System Gold™ (CGMS). In T2DM patients [n = 16; age (mean ± standard error) 56.0 ± 2.25 years], foods were tested four times: tests 1, 2, and 3 were performed within one week in which placebo was introduced on day 2, and test 4 was carried out five weeks after reintroduction of OAD. Glycemic indexes, GRC, and MPG from tests 1, 2, 3, and 4 were compared. In a control group of 20 HP (age 24.4 ± 0.71 years), the mean GIs were calculated as the mean from 20 subject-related GIs. Results: In T2DM patients, subject-related assessment of GIs, GRC, and MPG distinguished persons with and without OAD effect. Nevertheless, the group-related GIs and the MPG on days 2, 8, and 39 showed no significant difference. There was no significant difference between the GIs in OAD-treated T2DM patients (test 4) versus HP (except in apple baby food). Glucose response curves were significantly larger in T2DM patients (test 4) versus HP. Conclusions: Determination of GRC and subject-related GI using the CGMS appears to be a potential means for the evaluation of efficacy of OAD treatment. Further studies are underway.

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No difference between venous and capillary blood sampling and the Minimed continuous glucose monitoring system for determining the blood glucose response to food

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes

Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes

Raised FGF-21 and Triglycerides Accompany Increased Energy Intake Driven by Protein Leverage in Lean, Healthy Individuals: A Randomised Trial

Influence of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Hyperglycemic Response to Foods in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: A Pilot Study

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