Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA1c. While chronic exercise reduces HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training. Methods Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (n=13, age 53±2 years, HbA1c 6.6±0.2% (49.1±1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period. Results 7D-EX attenuated PPG (p<0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (p<0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT. Conclusions/interpretation 7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance.

Red wine enhances glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and insulin responses in type 2 diabetes during an oral glucose tolerance test

“…Because lifestyle factors are prominent in the etiology of T2D, efforts to combat the disease have often focused on exercise and dietary intervention [3]. One dietary intervention with plausible preventive or therapeutic potential is consumption of alcoholic beverages.…”

Effect of physical therapy on blood glycemic parameters in women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…A study by Mikus et al stated that short-term daily exercise reduces post prandial plasma glucose (PPG) and glycemia variability in Type 2 diabetes patients. [16] In the present study, blood glucose levels fasting plasma sugar (FPG) and PPG were controlled significantly in physical exercise, walking groups after exposing to physical therapy [ Table 3]. Boulé et al found intense of exercise showed remarkable improvements in blood glucose and reductions in HbA1c.…”

Efecto de un protocolo de ejercicio por cuatro semanas sobre el peso corporal y la glucemia en rata Wistar

“…La evidencia encontrada en este trabajo muestra la relación que existe entre el entrenamiento y el mantenimiento de los niveles de glucosa a las cuatro semanas. El hecho que la actividad física disminuya los niveles glucosa sanguínea en las ratas experimentales muestra evidencia de los beneficios que aporta la actividad física per se (Shafrir et al 1999) y posiblemente puede ser una medida recomendada para regular los niveles de glucemia, que ya se sugiere en los pacientes diabéticos (Mikus et al 2012). Mayor investigación es necesaria para determinar los beneficios de un protocolo de entrenamiento, por ejemplo, prolongar el tiempo de entrenamiento y homogeneizar los grupos de estudio, asimismo medir el consumo de oxígeno y las algunas de las miokinas involucradas antes y después del entrenamiento.…”