Exercise training represents a promising behavioral approach for managing cognitive dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), but this area has been understudied (Motl, Sandroff, & Benedict, 2011;Sandroff, 2015). There is emerging interest by researchers and clinicians in the effects of exercise, physical activity, and physical fitness (see Table 14.1) on cognition in individuals with MS, in part, based on the concept of cognitivemotor coupling (i.e., co-occurring cognitive and motor dysfunction) in MS (Benedict et al. 2011;. Of note, this body of literature is smaller than that of cognitive rehabilitation in MS (Motl et al., 2016; see also Chapter 11, this volume). The examination of exercise, physical activity, and physical fitness effects of cognition in MS further is based on the well-established body of literature in the general population across the life span (i.e., in healthy children, young adults, and older adults). Such literature supports robust, beneficial effects of exercise, physical activity, and 14