No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

Jaskulke, S.; Manteuffel, Gerhard

doi:10.1017/s1751731110002004

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Cortisol data, as well as resting HR in the control animals (FSF), indicated that the pigs in our experiment were not chronically stressed by the treatment and single housing. This confirms earlier results in long-term confined pigs of the same age and breed (Jaskulke and Manteuffel, 2011). The only detectable effect of movement restriction was a decrease of the RMSSD/SDNN ratio during the midday rest over the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Anticipation and frequency of feeding affect heart reactions in domestic pigs1

Mahnhardt

Brietzke

Kanitz

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Measuring heart reactions has become a widely used method for the assessment of emotions. Heart rate and its variability, which can quite easily be noninvasively recorded, reflect the inputs of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomous nervous system. We tested the hypothesis that frequent anticipation of a positive event results in an increased state of welfare in pigs, expressed as positive arousal in anticipation of announced feeding as well as lowered heart rate and augmented heart rate variability during resting periods. We used a controlled paradigm with 3 groups of young domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). We compared frequent acoustic announcement of feed delivery (group 1: 3 feedings between 0730 h and 1030 h plus 3 feedings between 1200 h and 1530 h) with the same number of feedings as in group 1 but without a temporal relation to the sound (group 2) and with a fixed-schedule feeding (group 3: 2 feedings at 0600 h and 1500 h). Specific cardiac and behavioral reactions indicated short-term (1 min) anticipation in the conditioned group. In this group, heart rate increased (P < 0.001) mainly through vagal withdraw and behavior became more active (P < 0.001). Only the conditioned group displayed changing heart rate characteristics during the sound. Pigs in the frequent unpredictable feed group reacted to feed delivery with increased heart rates (P < 0.001), whereas the heart-rate characteristics of pigs with the fixed schedule were unchanged during the sound and while the other 2 treatment groups were feeding. Clear evidence for long-term anticipation (over the course of hours) was not present in the data. Comparisons between the 3 treatment groups suggested that in housing conditions where pigs cannot obtain feed by their actions but must wait for feed delivery, feeding at 2 fixed times would be preferred. Animals in this treatment group presented lower resting heart rates at the end of the experiment than animals in the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Therefore, merely announcing a positive stimulus without giving control to its access is apparently not suitable for increasing welfare.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The size of the restriction area depended on the body size of the animal. In a previous study, we showed that there were no measurable stress responses in chronically movement-restricted animals, based on cortisol, heart rate, and heart rate variability (Jaskulke and Manteuffel, 2011).…”

Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Anticipation and frequency of feeding affect heart reactions in domestic pigs1

Mahnhardt

Brietzke

Kanitz

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…This may indicate that HPA axis has not been activated by the vaccination procedure. Jaskulke and Manteuffel [26] report a high capacity of adaptation of the pig HPA axis to stressful situations. Based on our results, salivary cortisol may not be sensitive enough to measure acute fear reaction after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the needle-free “intra dermal application of liquids” vaccination on the welfare of pregnant sows

Temple

Escribano

Jiménez³

et al. 2017

Porc Health Manag

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BackgroundIn commercial pig production, sows are often vaccinated several times per gestation period, resulting in reduced welfare. This preliminary experiment investigated whether the needle-free IDAL vaccinator improves welfare through reduction of stress markers, improvement of behavioural and health parameters compared to traditional needle-syringe method.ResultsTwo treatments (IDAL and NEEDLE) in 6 replicate pens of gestating sows (15 sows per pen) were evaluated using Porcilis® PRRS. The frequency of sows exhibiting an acute fear (or pain) response at the time of injection was significantly lower in the IDAL sows for the four indicators studied (high pitch vocalizations, IDAL = 15.4% vs. NEEDLE = 95.6%, χ2 = 56, P < 0.0001; retreat attempts, IDAL = 2.6% vs. NEEDLE = 56.5%, χ2 = 28, P < 0.0001; turning back, IDAL = 5.1% vs. NEEDLE = 69.6%, χ2 = 36, P < 0.0001; change in behaviour, IDAL = 18% vs. NEEDLE = 95.6%, χ2 = 53, P < 0.001). Sows in the NEEDLE vaccination group had a decreased (P = 0.03) activity the day after vaccination compared to IDAL sows. No significant difference was observed for the other active behaviours and resting postures. Fearful reaction towards the assessor significantly (χ2 = 12, P = 0.001) increased in NEEDLE sows compared to IDAL sows the day after vaccination. At 48 h post-vaccination, IDAL sows tended to have lower blood C-reactive protein levels (IDAL = 21.3 μg/mL vs. NEEDLE = 35.8 μg/mL, P = 0.06) compared to NEEDLE sows. Blood Haptoglobin levels did not differ significantly between treatments 48 h post-vaccination. Chromogranin A tended to show a lower increase after the IDAL treatment, whereas salivary alpha-amylase and salivary cortisol did not differ between treatments when measured 25 min post-vaccination.ConclusionsThese preliminary results support that needle-free intradermal vaccination is a promising strategy to reduce fear and pain reaction of gestating sows during vaccination.

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“…The effect of confinement has been studied in other farm animals such as sheep, pigs, and horses (Bowers et al 1993;Jaskulke and Manteuffel 2011;Mal et al 1991). Acclimatization periods and habituation training can assist sheep in adapting to confinement and restraint during handling (Grandin 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual Training of Alpacas to the Confinement of Metabolism Pens Reduces Stress When Normal Excretion Behavior Is Accommodated

Lund¹,

Maloney²,

Milton³

et al. 2012

ILAR Journal

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Confinement in metabolism pens may provoke a stress response in alpacas that will reduce the welfare of the animal and jeopardize the validity of scientific results obtained in such pens. In this study, we tested a protocol designed to successfully train alpacas to be held in a specially designed metabolism pen so that the animals' confinement would not jeopardize their welfare. We hypothesized that the alpacas would show fewer behaviors associated with a response to stress as training gradually progressed, and that they would adapt to being in the confinement of the metabolism pen. The training protocol was successful at introducing alpacas to the metabolism pens, and it did reduce the incidence of behavioral responses to stress as the training progressed. The success of the training protocol may be attributed to the progressive nature of the training, the tailoring of the protocol to suit alpacas, and the use of positive reinforcement. This study demonstrated that both animal welfare and the validity of the scientific outcomes could be maximized by the gradual training of experimental animals, thereby minimizing the stress imposed on the animals during experimental procedures.

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No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Anticipation and frequency of feeding affect heart reactions in domestic pigs1

Anticipation and frequency of feeding affect heart reactions in domestic pigs1

Effect of the needle-free “intra dermal application of liquids” vaccination on the welfare of pregnant sows

Gradual Training of Alpacas to the Confinement of Metabolism Pens Reduces Stress When Normal Excretion Behavior Is Accommodated

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