No additional neuroprotection provided by barbiturate-induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in rats subjected to reversible focal ischemia

Westermaier, Thomas; Zausinger, Stefan; Baethmann, A.; Steiger, Hans‐Jakob; Schmid-Elsaesser, Robert

doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0835

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…the infarct volume (Iv), expressed in cubic millimeters, was calculated to be the sum of the infarct areas on each slice (I n ) multiplied by the distance (2 mm) between the successive slices (vI = 2. [I 1 + I 2 + ... + I n ]), as proposed by werstermaier et al 8 . to correct for brain size or edema, Iv were calculated as percentage values of the total volume of the contralateral hemisphere 9 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…therefore, a contribution of the barbiturates for the observed neuroprotective effect cannot be excluded but, even if this happened, it affected the two experimental groups because barbiturates were used in the same way for animals of both groups. Besides of this, westermaier et al 8 , demonstrated that no additional neuroprotection was observed using barbiturates in burst-suppressive doses in rats submitted to focal temporary cerebral ischemia under mild/moderated hypothermia. In the same way, a neuroprotective effect has been attributed to the ketamine 17,18 , and this could contribute to the neuroprotective effect observed in our animals, but, as for barbiturates, they were used similarly for both experimental groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides studies using drugs, the neuroprotective effect of mild/moderated hypothermia during transient cerebral ischemia has been well established during the last decade 4,8,20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the acquired knowledge several studies with drugs such as magnesium and antioxidants 16 , barbiturates 8,17 , manitol 1 , ketamine 18 and ketoprofen 19 have been performed in an attempt to minimize the harmful effect of ischemia, aiming to offer protection to brain tissue. Besides studies using drugs, the neuroprotective effect of mild/moderated hypothermia during transient cerebral ischemia has been well established during the last decade 4,8,20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in the temporary brain ischemia in cats

Nakano

Colli

Lopes

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective: to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia during temporary focal ischemia in cats. Method: 20 cats underwent middle cerebral artery 60 minutes occlusion and 24 hours reperfusion: 10 under normothermia and 10 under mild hypothermia (32º c). Brain coronal sections 2mm thick were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride, photographed and evaluated with software for volume calculation. Results: cortical ischemia was found in 7 and basal ganglia ischemia in 8 animals of group 1 and in both regions in 5 animals of group 2 (no difference: p=0.6499 for cortical; p=0.3498 for basal ganglia). No ischemia was found in 5 animals of group 2 and in none of group 1 (significant difference, p=0.0325). the infarct volume was greater in group 1 than 2 (p=0.0433). Conclusion: Mild hypothermia did not interfere with location of ischemia, but it was effective for reducing the infarct volume.Key words: cats, focal cerebral ischemia, mild hypothermia, neuroprotection.Efeito neuroprotetor da hipotermia leve na isquemia cerebral focal temporária em gatos resuMo -Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito neuroprotetor da hipotermia leve na isquemia cerebral focal temporária em gatos. Método: oclusão da artéria cerebral média durante 60 minutos e 24 horas de reperfusão em 10 gatos sob normotermia e 10 sob hipotermia leve (32º c). secções cerebrais coronais de 2 mm coradas com 2,3,5-cloreto de trifeniltetrazolio, fotografadas e cálculos volumétricos (hemisférios/áreas isquêmi-cas) com programa específico. Resultados: Isquemia cortical em 7 e nos gânglios da base em 8 animais do grupo 1 e em ambas as regiões em 5 animais do grupo 2 (sem diferença: p=0,6499 cortical; p=0,3498 gân-glios da base). cinco animais do grupo 2 e nenhum do grupo 1 não apresentaram isquemia (diferença significante, p=0,0325). o volume do infarto foi maior no grupo 1 (p=0,0433). Conclusão: Hipotermia leve não interferiu com a localização da isquemia mas foi eficaz para reduzir o volume do infarto.PAlAvrAs-cHAve: gatos, isquemia cerebral focal, hipotermia leve, neuroproteção. Dr. Benedicto Oscar Colli -Departamento de Cirurgia / HCFMRP -Campus Universitário USP -14048-900 Ribeirão Preto SP -Brasil. E-mail: bocolli@fmrp.usp.brBrain ischemia is common found in arterial vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage, by brain injury and during temporary occlusion of arteries during neurovascular procedures. despite attempts of using many strategies, the results of treatment for cerebral stroke are not ever satisfactory. the severity of brain lesion depends on the duration of ischemia, on the vessel occluded and on collateral circulation. several studies aiming better understanding of the ischemia/reperfusion pathophysiology and the improvement of brain protection in these phenomena have been done. In human being, these studies are generally clinical evaluations and image examinations that not allow detection of early cellular phenomena secondary to ischemia/reperfusion. experimental models have the advantage of better control of biolog...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides studies using drugs, the neuroprotective effect of mild/moderated hypothermia during transient cerebral ischemia has been well established during the last decade 4,8,20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in the temporary brain ischemia in cats

Nakano

Colli

Lopes

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…The intra-ischemic hypothermia is the most studied, and it is the most effective 4 . This modality of hypothermia significantly reduces the total volume of experimental infarction in the basal ganglia and cortex 6,7 , and also improves clinical evaluation 8 . In the post-ischemic mode, hypothermia acts mainly by inhibiting the "reperfusion injury" 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre, intra and post-ischemic hypothermic neuroprotection in temporary focal cerebral ischemia in rats: morphometric analysis

Dezena

Colli

Carlotti

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotection of mild hypothermia, applied in different moments, in temporary focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods: Rats was divided into Control (C), Sham (S), Ischemic-control(IC), Pre-ischemic Hypothermia (IH1), Intra-ischemic Hypothermia (IH2), and Post-ischemic Hypothermia (IH3) groups. Morphometry was performed using the KS400 software (Carl Zeiss IH3 and IH1 vs. IH2 (p=0.57; p=0.79). Conclusion: Pre-ischemic and intra-ischemic hypothermia were shown to be similarly neuroprotective, but this was not true for post-ischemic hypothermia.Key words: brain ischemia, mild hypothermia, morphometry, neuroprotection, reperfusion. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar a neuroproteção da hipotermia leve, aplicada em diferentes momentos, durante isquemia cerebral focal temporária em ratos .Métodos: Ratos foram divididos em grupos: Controle (C), Sham (S), Controle-isquêmico (IC), Hipotermia Pré-isquêmica (IH1), Hipotermia Intra-isquêmica (IH2) e Hipotermia Pós-isquêmica (IH3). A morfometria foi realizada em secções coronais coradas por Luxol Fast Blue através do programa KS400 (Carl Zeiss ® ). Foram calculados áreas e volumes isquêmicos. Resultados: Estatisticamente, áreas azuis demonstraram diferença entre os grupos C vs. IC, IC vs. IH1 e IC vs. IH2 (p=0,0001; p=0,01; p=0,03), e nenhuma diferença entre C vs. S, IC vs. IH3 e IH vs. IH2 (p=0,39; p=0,85; p=0,63). Áreas vermelhas demonstraram diferença entre C vs. IC, IC vs. IH1 e IC vs. IH2 (p=0,0001; p=0,009; p=0,03), e nenhuma diferença entre C vs. S, IC vs. IH3 e IH1 vs. IH2 (p=0,48; p=0,27; p=0,68). Áreas isquêmicas médias e volumes isquêmicos demonstraram diferença entre os grupos IC vs. IH1 e IC vs. IH2 (p=0,0001 and p=0,0011), e nenhuma diferença entre IC vs. IH3 and IH1 vs. IH2 (p=0,57; p=0,79). Conclusão: Hipotermias pré-isquêmica e intra-isquêmica demonstraram neuroproteção em grau semelhante, o que não ocorreu com hipotermia pós-isquêmica.Palavras-Chave: isquemia encefálica, hipotermia leve, morfometria, neuroproteção, reperfusão.

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Anesthetic-induced Neuroprotection: a Review

Traul

Zuo

Pajewski

2008

Advances in Anesthesia

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No additional neuroprotection provided by barbiturate-induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in rats subjected to reversible focal ischemia

Cited by 36 publications

References 90 publications

Neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in the temporary brain ischemia in cats

Neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in the temporary brain ischemia in cats

Pre, intra and post-ischemic hypothermic neuroprotection in temporary focal cerebral ischemia in rats: morphometric analysis

Anesthetic-induced Neuroprotection: a Review

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