No. 345-Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline

Burnett, Margaret; Lemyre, Madeleine

doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.12.023

Cited by 219 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In recent years, acupuncture has been used to treat dysmenorrhoea, and studies have found that it can improve symptoms in women with dysmenorrhea and that it is more effective than traditional Chinese medicine or placebo. Other researchers found no advantage for acupuncture when compared with a placebo [3,24]. A retrospective analysis confirmed the efficacy of high-frequency percutaneous nerve electrical stimulation for dysmenorrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Current first-line guidelines for treating PDM advise the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or oral contraceptives. However, long-term side effects limit the applicability of such treatments [3]. Complementary and alternative therapies include exercise, acupuncture and percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A retrospective analysis confirmed the efficacy of high-frequency percutaneous nerve electrical stimulation for dysmenorrhoea. However, high-frequency electrical stimulation may cause local muscle tension and generate adverse reactions, such as headache, nausea, skin flushing or a burning sensation [3]. Such stimulation is limited in its practical application owing to its obvious side effects, expensive treatment or long treatment cycle, unsatisfactory treatment outcome and for other reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the importance of PDM management, clinical treatment is still inadequate. According to the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or combined hormonal contraceptives are recommended as first-line treatment for most women with PDM [3]. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hinder the production of peripheral prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, thereby producing analgesic effects [4].…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analgesic effect of such contraceptives is definite, but long-term use can cause gastrointestinal damage or abnormal hormone secretion. As an alternative treatment, physical factor therapies, such as highfrequency electrical stimulation, ultra-short wave therapy and hot compress [3], have weak practical application because of their obvious side effects, expensive treatment or long treatment cycle and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes.…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Liu

Wang

Yang

2020

Trials

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Background: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PDM) is defined as a series of pain-dominated symptoms during and after menstruation without organic lesions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptives are usually recommended as first-line therapy for the clinical treatment of PDM, but their widespread long-term application is controversial. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely applied in musculoskeletal rehabilitation because of its secure and noninvasive characteristics and its confirmed effect in improving pain symptoms. This research seeks to explore the efficacy of rESWT for PDM and the changes in brain function of patients with PDM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Liu

Wang

Yang

2020

Trials

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Diagnosis and Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Kho

Shields

2020

JAMA

107

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Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstruation in the absence of pelvic pathology. Characterized by recurrent, crampy, lower abdominal pain during menstruation, it is the most common reason for gynecologic visits, affecting 50% to 90% of women, half of whom describe their pain as moderate to severe. 1 Secondary dysmenorrhea refers to the same clinical features of pain during menstruation, but is attributable to pelvic pathology, such as endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis, and congenital anatomic abnormalities. Management of primary dysmenorrhea is directed toward excluding other causesofsymptomsandidentifying medical therapies that control the patient's symptoms. Despite its high prevalence, dysmenorrhea is often underdiagnosed, inadequately treated, and normalized even by patients themselves, who may accept the symptoms as an inevitable response to menstruation.Primary dysmenorrhea generally begins in adolescence after ovulatory cycles are established. The associated pain arises from release of excess prostaglandins at the time of endometrial sloughing. Higher levels of prostaglandins have been found in endometrial tissue and menstrual fluid of women with dysmenorrhea compared with asymptomatic women. The increased level of prostaglandins at the time of menstruation is theorized to cause myometrial hypercontractility resulting in hypoxia and ischemia of uterine muscle and the perception of pain, as well as the cause of systemic symptoms often associated with dysmenorrhea, such as nausea and diarrhea.In a population-based survey of women older than 18 years with primary dysmenorrhea, more than half of the respondents described symptoms limiting their activities and 17% reported missing school or work as a result. 2 Dysmenorrhea is the most common cause of short-term absence from school in adolescent girls, and about 1 in 8 girls aged 14 to 20 years report missing school or work as a result of dysmenorrhea. 1 Other cross-sectional studies have demonstrated similar findings of dysmenorrhea affecting relationships, functioning and productivity, and contributing to absenteeism. Despite the significant effects on quality of life, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea is considered to be underestimated because women frequently do not seek medical treatment because of the commonly held belief that pain is an expected part of menstruation.The evaluation and diagnosis of women with primary dysmenorrhea does not require specialization in women's health or pelvic pain. In many cases, a diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea can be reached by obtaining a detailed medical, psychosocial, and gynecologic (including menstrual and sexual) history. 1 A complete menstrual history should include age at menarche; duration of bleeding; intervals between menses; assessment of menstrual flow; and history of associated symptoms, such as pain, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue, that includes timing of onset, severity of pain, and effects on daily activities. The onset of primary dysmenorrhea typically begins 6 to 24 months after menarc...

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Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea

Earl

Grivell

2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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No. 345-Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline

Cited by 219 publications

References 81 publications

Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Diagnosis and Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea

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