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Jorgenson, J.; Wagner, R.J.

doi:10.1023/a:1008278700000

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Commonly used transition-metal-catalyzed methods to synthesize ketones include: (1) transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylation of organic halides (RX) with CO; (2) nucleophilic addition of organometallics to carboxylic acid derivatives. However, the manipulation of toxic carbon monoxide under high pressure conditions limits the carbonylation strategy and the overaddition of hard organometallic reagents to carboxylic acid derivatives often results in the formation of undesired tertiary alcohols instead of ketones . Therefore, a user-friendly synthetic operation which can produce solely ketone products is highly desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings

et al. 2018

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A ligand-controlled and site-selective nickel catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with aromatic esters and alkyl organoboron reagents as coupling partners was developed. This methodology provides a facile route for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation in a straightforward fashion by successful suppression of the undesired β-hydride elimination process. By simply switching the phosphorus ligand, the ester substrates are converted into the alkylated arenes and ketone products, respectively. The utility of this newly developed protocol was demonstrated by its wide substrate scope, broad functional group tolerance and application in the synthesis of key intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. DFT studies on the oxidative addition step helped rationalizing this intriguing reaction chemoselectivity: whereas nickel complexes with bidentate ligands favor the C(aryl)-C bond cleavage in the oxidative addition step leading to the alkylated product via a decarbonylative process, nickel complexes with monodentate phosphorus ligands favor activation of the C(acyl)-O bond, which later generates the ketone product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings

et al. 2018

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“…o -Tolyllithium, o -tolylmagnesium bromide, (4-methoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide, (2,5-dimethylphenyl)magnesium bromide, and benzo[ d ][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmagnesium bromide smoothly displaced the fluoro/methoxy group ortho to the CO 2 M group to give 5h – j and 7k (entries 11–16), while reaction of (2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide proceeded with less efficiency presumably due to steric effects imparted by the two ortho -methoxy groups (entries 17–19). Above 0 °C, the only other major products observed are the ketones 9 and 10 , which were readily separated by column chromatography. Particularly useful is the phenylnaphthalene 5g which allows for further elaboration after the coupling is performed.…”

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confidence: 97%

ortho-Lithium/Magnesium Carboxylate-Driven Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions on Unprotected Naphthoic Acids

et al. 2011

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Substitution of an ortho-fluoro or methoxy group in 1- and 2-naphthoic acids furnishing substituted naphthoic acids occurs in good to excellent yields upon reaction with alkyl/vinyl/aryl organolithium and Grignard reagents, in the absence of a metal catalyst without the need to protect the carboxyl (CO(2)H) group. This novel nucleophilic aromatic substitution is presumed to proceed via a precoordination of the organometallic with the substrate, followed by an addition/elimination.

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“…Established researchers such as Sen (1973), Ebert (1987), and Jorgenson (1997) have also considered similar approaches in their studies and reported that one-third of income is lost because of prevailing income inequality in the society. Even UNDP applies the Atkinson measure to calculate the inequality-adjusted human development index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and Human Wellbeing: An Empirical Analysis Using Atkinson Measure of Inequality

Singh,

Shrotryia

2022

Emerging Economy Studies

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This article is an attempt to determine whether India’s experience with economic growth improved or deteriorated human well-being (HWB) over a period of 30 years from 1990–1991 to 2019–2020. The net benefits of increased national income due to increased economic growth may be outweighed by the net cost of income inequality, resulting in a reduction in HWB. Past empirical findings reveal that rising income inequality profoundly dents the level of HWB via social unrest. Therefore, to reduce all of these dysfunctional aspects, we must employ a technique that allows some percentage of income to be relinquished to represent a more equitable share of income among citizens. As a result, we used Atkinson’s inequality measure and calculated adjusted national income (ANI) as an HWB function. The quantum of difference between net national income (NNI) per capita and inequality in ANI per capita assists us with policy interventions.

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Untitled

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings

ortho-Lithium/Magnesium Carboxylate-Driven Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions on Unprotected Naphthoic Acids

Income Inequality and Human Wellbeing: An Empirical Analysis Using Atkinson Measure of Inequality

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Untitled

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Couplings

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Couplings

ortho-Lithium/Magnesium Carboxylate-Driven Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions on Unprotected Naphthoic Acids

Income Inequality and Human Wellbeing: An Empirical Analysis Using Atkinson Measure of Inequality

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Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings

Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective C(acyl)–O Bond vs C(aryl)–C Bond Activation of Aromatic Esters in Nickel Catalyzed C(sp²)–C(sp³) Cross-Couplings