NMR relaxometry a new approach to detect geochemical properties of organic matter in tight shales

Khatibi, Seyedalireza; Ostadhassan, Mehdi; Xie, Z. Harry; Gentzis, Thomas; Bubach, Bailey; Gan, Zheng; Carvajal‐Ortiz, Humberto

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.100

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It should be noted that for the system of natural nanometric inorganic pores, we recorded water signals characterized by unusually high T 1 / T 2 values. 74 , 75 In the case of inclusions, it is even up to 100. In contrast, for open pores the ratio is of the order of 20.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Proton Populations in Cherts as Natural Analogues of Pure Silica Materials by Means of Low Field NMR

et al. 2020

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Recent theories about the sources of silica in bedded and nodular cherts do not fit the origin of cherts from the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland. Since siliceous sponges as a single source of silica is questionable, assumptions about additional sources have to be verified. In order to do so, three samples of nodular cherts and one representative sample of bedded chert were studied by means of 1 H LF-NMR 1D and 2D relaxometry and complementary geochemical methods. The results were compared with the literature and standard silica materials which helped to identify five types of 1 H signal. The very distinct 1D- T 2 spectra of the dried samples indicated the existence of closed pores which, after comprehensive analysis, were identified as inclusions filled with different types of siliceous materials. Saturation revealed the differences between nodular and bedded cherts that were visible mainly in the amount and size of open porosity. The principal component analysis of NMR parameters showed the excellent separation of these two groups of samples and this is well visible on the biplots. Additionally, the estimated pore size distribution revealed that the total porosity of around 2% consisted primarily of mesopores (2–50 nm in diameter) and macropores (diameter >50 nm). In bedded cherts, open porosity is dominated by macropores, while the share of mesopores and macropores is similar in nodular cherts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Proton Populations in Cherts as Natural Analogues of Pure Silica Materials by Means of Low Field NMR

et al. 2020

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“…The NMR amplitude of the T 2 distribution decreased slightly or remained mostly unaltered after it was centrifugated, even the larger pores had not been expelled from the shale, indicating that the movable fluid was rare in the samples. T 2 cutoff and movable fluid distributions have been widely used to evaluate porous media properties and flowing disciplining for unconventional reservoirs [28,61,62]. In our research, fully saturated and desaturated states were used for the propose of T 2 cutoff value determination.…”

Section: Nitrogen Adsorption/desorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the amorphous pore shape with a PSD spanning from a few nanometers to the micrometers range, all of these tests confront different challenges related to resolution or sample size [22,25,26]. Among them, the direct observations, such as focus ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), are strongly dependent on the field of vision, while the indirect methods, mainly based on the combination of adsorption and mercury intrusion in shale reservoirs, are limited by accuracy [12,18,21,27,28]. It is therefore imperative to combine different experimental data for the propose of determining pore morphology and PSD accurately [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Properties and Pore Structure Control on Oil Extraction of Shale

Liu

et al. 2021

Lithosphere

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Despite geochemical properties and pore structures for shale oil extraction, the interplay among shale chemistry, pore network, and hydrocarbon movability still is an open question. Here, by using hybrid experimental methods, including backscatter scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, adsorption/desorption isotherm, and nuclear magnetic resonance, we provide a general characteristic of geochemistry and pore structures of Chang 7 (C7) shale in Ordos basin and figure out how these properties impact the shale oil extraction. Our results confirmed that the C7 shale in Ordos basin could be divided into three types based on the mineral components with various pore structures, and the proportion of the pores that radius below 4.8 nm (from adsorption branch) or 3.8 nm (from desorption branch) play a dominant role in the determination of pore size distributions. The kerogen index that is derived from maceral types was the most significant geochemical indicator; high kerogen index was corresponding to large pore volumes and surface areas, but low pore diameters. We identify the pore structure mechanism—mesopores predominantly or micropores abundantly (increase free fluid index) and absence of inorganic or organic pores (decrease free fluid index)—responsible for the oil extraction capability and show that the unmovable fluid stained in the voids would lead to the slow rate decay of the curves, which caused the nonsignal disturbance. Our results demonstrate the powerful control of maceral components and pore diameters on shale oil extraction and show the markedly different flow behavior of various types of shale.

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“…Pan et al [ 153 ] and Saif et al [ 157 ] studied the aforementioned shale formation surface retorting, in‐situ recovery, and modular automated processing system mineralogy (MAPS). [ 158 ] However, there is no single approach that can be applied for all cases, sites, or formations. Moreover, each method has its own advantages and limitations.…”

Section: Surface Retorting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied techniques for residual oil recovery from source rocks: A review of current challenges and possible developments

Abdulkareem

Padmanabhan

2020

Can J Chem Eng

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Depleted fossil fuel resources have led to an investigation of other promising alternatives such as renewable and unconventional energy sources. Shale formations have limited permeability. Therefore, several extraction techniques have been applied to improve residual oil recovery and production. In this work, the techniques applied above ground to extract the organic fractions from oil/gas shale are discussed. Studies related to compositional fractionation, ultrasonic-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluids, and surface retorting techniques have been conducted systematically in approximately 150 scholarly articles over the past 10 years. The impacts of each technique as well as the drawbacks and challenges are highlighted in this paper. The fractionation techniques are sufficient in general; however, they are time consuming as they include several stages and use a considerable amount of solvents. Ultrasonic and microwave techniques are highly reliant on formation transparency linked to the organic fraction heterogeneous distribution. The surface retorting method, which is highly efficient with up to 90% recovery, for example, the Galoter and Paraho methods, is still dependent on shale particulate size, generates a massive amount of spent shale as waste, and is prominently emissive. Therefore, assessments that can be used to overcome existing drawbacks are considered. This can provide practical insight about these techniques to overcome limitations and concerns in terms of efficiency, cost, environmental issues, and reliability features. The work highlights the dominant extraction techniques for further development.

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NMR relaxometry a new approach to detect geochemical properties of organic matter in tight shales

Cited by 77 publications

References 46 publications

Identification of Proton Populations in Cherts as Natural Analogues of Pure Silica Materials by Means of Low Field NMR

Identification of Proton Populations in Cherts as Natural Analogues of Pure Silica Materials by Means of Low Field NMR

Geochemical Properties and Pore Structure Control on Oil Extraction of Shale

Applied techniques for residual oil recovery from source rocks: A review of current challenges and possible developments

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