NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach To Study the Influence of Different Conditions of Water Irrigation and Greenhouse Ventilation on Zucchini Crops

Abstract

This study describes the approach of H NMR metabolomic profiling for the differentiation of zucchini produced under different conditions of water irrigation (desalinated seawater -0.397 dS/m, 0.52 €/m vs groundwater -2.36 dS/m, 0.29 €/m) and ventilation (surface area of the vent openings/greenhouse area was 15.0% for one sector and 9.8% for the other). Overall, 72 extracts of zucchini ( Cucubirta pepo L. cv Victoria) under four different conditions were regularly analyzed during the spring-summer cycle from April to July 2017. We have found that zucchini plants irrigated with desalinated seawater increased the zucchini production yield, presented fruits with higher concentration of glucose, fructose, and vitamin B3, and displayed an increased antioxidant activity. On the contrary, plant groundwater irrigation produced the increment of sucrose level that could rise the sweetness perception of the fruits. Finally, the ventilation variable produced a higher concentration of trigonelline, histidine, and phenylalanine but only on those zucchinis irrigated with groundwater.

Effect of a Shading Mesh on the Metabolic, Nutritional, and Defense Profiles of Harvested Greenhouse-Grown Organic Tomato Fruits and Leaves Revealed by NMR Metabolomics

“…18 freeze-dried tomato samples were extracted with 1 mL of a solvent system based on CD 3 OD and D 2 O−KH 2 PO 4 buffer (pH 6.0) in a ratio of 80:20 (v/v), respectively, containing the sodium salt of 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d 4 acid (TSP, 0.01% w/w) and the enzyme inhibitor sodium azide (NaN 3 , 90 μM), as described elsewhere. 18 The extractions were performed by vortexing the mixtures for 30 min at 600 rpm, followed by centrifugation (5 min, 12 100g). A total of six biological replicates for each sample were prepared.…”

“…This pulse sequence is the most used in metabolomics. 18,19 The spectrometer transmitter was locked to CD 3 OD frequency. Acquisition and processing of spectra were carried out with TOPSPIN software (version 3.1).…”

“…Spectra were collected by 1 H− 1 H total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), 1 H− 13 C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), 1 H− 13 C heteronuclear multiple bonds coherence (HMBC) using standard Bruker sequences and applying the parameters described elsewhere. 18 The multiplicities of the signals obtained were labeled as s = singlet, d = doublet, dd = doublet of doublets, t = triplet, and m = multiplet. Metabolite assignments were based on the analysis of homo-and heteronuclear 1D and 2D NMR experiments ( 1 H-NOESY, 1 H− 1 H TOCSY, 1 H− 1 H COSY, 1 H− 13 C edited HSQC, and 1 H− 13 C HMBC) and on the use of the NMR database BBIOREFCODE 2 from Bruker Biospin, public NMR databases such as COLMAR 20 and HMDB, 21 and literature data.…”

Current Developments in µMAS NMR Analysis for Metabolomics

“…A spatiotemporal µMAS analysis could also benefit to plant research. Environmentally adverse conditions such as changes in soil salinity [43] or water scarcity [44] are adverse circumstances that affect directly to plant roots and, consequently, to plant growth. Understanding the metabolic response to such events in localized regions of a root may elucidate the tolerant mechanisms in plants.…”

LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Quicklime Treated Acid Mine Drainage Water

“…Among other analytical separation techniques, LC-MS was used due to its unique properties that allow for direct probing of metabolites in any sample without the necessity of derivatization [ 35 ]. Several studies on plant metabolomics have been performed on various crops such as Zucchini [ 36 ], soybean [ 37 ], lettuce [ 38 ], and rice [ 39 ]. Plants can synthesize around 100,000 primary and secondary metabolites, of which only about 10% have been identified to date [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”