NMR approach for the authentication of 10 cinnamon spice accessions analyzed via chemometric tools

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Food Science: A Comprehensive Review

“…Because in most cases a single biomarker is not adequate for the classification of a food as authentic or nonauthentic, discrimination is usually achieved by the combination of NMR with MVSA (Esslinger, Riedl, & Fauhl‐Hassek, ; López et al., ) using untargeted or targeted analysis, which has been described in the chemometrics section. Applications include beverages (Ali, Maltese, Toepfer, Choi, & Verpoorte, ; Anastasiadi et al., ; Fan et al., ; Godelmann et al., ; Košir & Kidrič ; Kuballa et al., ; Mannina et al., ; Marcone et al., ; Viggiani & Morelli, ), fruits and vegetables (Capitani et al., ; Kim et al., ; Longobardi et al., ; Pacifico et al., ), honey (Beretta et al, ; Schievano et al, ), fats, and oils (Alonso‐Salces et al., , 2010b; Dais & Hatzakis, ; Kim et al., ; Kritioti, Menexes, & Drouza, ; Mannina & Segre, ; Mannina & Sobolev, ; Merchak et al., , , ; Özdemir et al., ; Shi et al., ; Standal, Aursand, & Axelson, ; Standal, Axelson, & Aursand, ; Zhang et al., ), spices (Farag et al., ; Kuballa et al., ; Hu et al., ; Petrakis et al., ; Petrakis et al., ), dietary supplements (Minoja & Napoli, ; Yuk et al., ), and meat (Jung et al., ; Sacco, Brescia, Buccolieri, & Caputi Jambrenghi, ), fish, and dairy products (Consonni & Cagliani, , ; Li et al., ; Marcone et al., ; Sacco et al., ; Shintu & Caldarelli, ; Spyros & Dais, ; Tociu, Todasca, Bratu, Mihalache, & Manolache, ). The most common factors that are investigated are variety (Clausen et al., ; Girelli, Del Coco, & Fanizzi, ; Schievano, Peggion, & Mammi, ), geographical origin (Alonso‐Salces et al., …”

“…Because in most cases a single biomarker is not adequate for the classification of a food as authentic or nonauthentic, discrimination is usually achieved by the combination of NMR with MVSA (Esslinger, Riedl, & Fauhl-Hassek, 2014;López et al, 2014) using untargeted or targeted analysis, which has been described in the chemometrics section. Applications include beverages (Ali, Maltese, Toepfer, Choi, & Verpoorte, 2011;Anastasiadi et al, 2009;Fan et al, 2018;Godelmann et al, 2013;Kosǐr & Kidrič2002;Kuballa et al, 2018a;Mannina et al, 2016;Marcone et al, 2013;Viggiani & Morelli, 2008), fruits and vegetables (Capitani et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2013;Longobardi et al, 2013;Pacifico et al, 2013), honey (Beretta et al, 2008;Schievano et al, 2012), fats, and oils (Alonso-Salces et al, 2010a, 2010bKim et al, 2015;Kritioti, Menexes, & Drouza, 2018;Mannina & Segre, 2002;Mannina & Sobolev, 2011;Merchak et al, 2016Merchak et al, , 2018Özdemir et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018;Standal, Aursand, & Axelson, 2011;Standal, Axelson, & Aursand, 2009;Zhang et al, 2018c), spices (Farag et al, 2018;Kuballa et al, 2018b;Hu et al, 2017;Petrakis et al, 2015;Petrakis et al, 2017), dietary supplements…”

Sensory Metabolite Profiling in a Date Pit Based Coffee Substitute and in Response to Roasting as Analyzed via Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics

“…Cinnamaldehyde (44) was detected at considerable levels in all examined specimens, yet found at its highest levels in commercial pit products (P 2 ) reaching up to 7.9% (Figure 1). Cinnamaldehyde exhibits a sweet fruity scent and is the typical aroma compound of cinnamon spice [25], and later was identified in dates (fruit) as a major component [6] which justifies its likely presence herein as well, thus contributes significantly for the roasted date pit aroma.…”

Nontargeted Analytical Methods as a Powerful Tool for the Authentication of Spices and Herbs: A Review

“…1 H NMR and PCA and/or PLS‐DA (based on the picrocrocin and crocin content) also demonstrated the ability to differentiate between saffron samples from Greece, Spain, Turkey, Italy (three different regions), and Hungary (Sobolev et al., ), and 19 distinct authentic Iranian saffron samples from Khorasan provinces, eastern Iran (Dowlatabadi et al., ). Also, 1 H NMR and PCA were used successfully to differentiate between two cinnamon species (Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum verum , and Chinese cinnamon, Cinnamomum cassia ) from several origins (Brazil, Egypt, Romania, China, and Tanzania) (Farag, Labib, Noleto, Porzel, & Wessjohann, ). Also, OPLS‐DA was further applied to identify metabolic patterns that are correlated with each genotype, with a goodness‐of‐fit of R 2 = 0.77.…”

“…In fact, the unsupervised methods are the previous stage to the prediction or classification methods, allowing to identify outliers (atypical samples) and variables that contain important information for the discrimination of sample groups. PCA is the most used nonsupervised method in the reviewed literature to describe the set of acquired analytical data for spices and herbs authentication (Table to ) (Di Anibal et al., ; Farag et al., ; Gad & Bouzabata, ; Li, 2016; Vadivel et al., ). The central idea of PCA in nontargeted studies is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set, which consists of many interrelated variables, keeping as much of the variation as possible in the data set (Jolliffe & Cadima, ).…”