“…The largest group of drugs tested in phase 3 of AD drug development consists of disease-modifying small molecules [ 105 ], which include substances modulating (i) metabolism and bioenergetics, e.g., metformin [ 354 , 355 ], semaglutide [ 356 ], and tricaprylin [ 357 , 358 ]; (ii) oxidative stress and blood flow in the brain, e.g., omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 359 ] and ethyl eicosapentaenoate (icosapent ethyl) [ 360 ]; (iii) synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection, e.g., blarcamesine [ 361 , 362 ], atuzaginstat [ 363 ], AGB101 (levetiracetam) [ 364 , 365 ], and simufilam [ 366 ]; (iv) Aβ pathology, e.g., ALZ-801 (valiltramiprosate), an oral prodrug of homotaurine that blocks the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers [ 334 , 367 , 368 ]; (v) neuroinflammation, e.g., NE3107 [ 369 ] and curcumin [ 337 , 370 , 371 , 372 , 373 ]; and more. Disease-modifying drugs are also the monoclonal antibodies directed at Aβ; besides aducanumab [ 374 ] it is also gantenerumab [ 374 , 375 ], lecanemab [ 375 ], donanemab [ 376 ], and solanezumab [ 374 , 377 ], which have shown some efficiency and are tested in phase 3 clinical trials [ 317 ].…”