NLRP3-inflammasome activation in male reproductive system diseases

Perri, Anna; Bossio, Sabrina; Rago, Vittoria; Greco, Emanuela A.; Lofaro, Danilo; Russa, Antonella La; Luigi, Luigi Di; Vignera, Sandro La; Aversa, Antônio

doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03918-5

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the retrospective study of Chen et al, including 142 patients positive for COVID-19 who underwent scrotal ultrasound at diagnosis, revealed that about 22% were found to have increased tunica thickness and increased vascular flow consistent with orchitis, epididymitis, or epididymo-orchitis [ 43 ]. Overall, the aforementioned studies strengthened the concept that inflammation plays a crucial role in testis damage observed in patients with COVID-19, and in this regard, an important role has been addressed in innate immune system activation [ 44 ]. It is worth considering, in addition to the potential SARS-CoV-2 direct testicular damage, that the cytokine storm triggered by infection could disrupt the blood–testis barrier, as already reported [ 45 , 46 ], playing a critical role in the development of orchitis.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and The Testismentioning

confidence: 77%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Male Reproductive System: A Brief Review

Rago

Perri

2023

Life

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Many studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2, directly or indirectly, can affect the male reproductive system, although the underlined mechanisms have not been completely elucidated yet. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the current data concerning the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male urogenital tract, with a particular emphasis on the testes and male fertility. The main data regarding the morphological alterations in the testes emerged from autoptic studies that revealed interstitial congestion, micro thrombosis, reduction of Sertoli, Leydig, and germinal cells, infiltrated immune cells, and atrophic seminiferous tubules consistent with orchitis. Furthermore, men with severe infection exhibit sperm parameter alterations, together with abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testis axis, strongly suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 could increase the risk of male infertility. However, despite the inadequate number of longitudinal studies, spermatogenesis and sex hormone imbalance seem to improve after infection resolution. The yet unresolved question is whether the virus acts in a direct or/and indirect manner, as discordant data related to its presence in the testis and semen have been reported. Regardless of the direct effect, it has been postulated that the cytokine storm and the related local and systemic inflammation could strongly contribute to the onset of testis dysfunction, leading to male infertility. Therefore, multicentric and longitudinal studies involving a large number of patients are needed to understand the real impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproduction.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and The Testismentioning

confidence: 77%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Male Reproductive System: A Brief Review

Rago

Perri

2023

Life

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“…In conclusion, this is the first clinical study comparing different treatments for metabolic hypogonadism in obese men of childbearing age. The results of the study showed that the GLP1-Ra liraglutide was found to be very effective, thus suggesting that GLP1-Ra can be used for bodyweight reduction and recovery of the testicular function in terms of reproductive and sexual function [ 39 ]. Additional placebo-controlled studies are ongoing to verify the preliminary results obtained in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and Reproductive Outcomes in Obese Fertile Men with Functional Hypogonadism after Treatment with Liraglutide: Preliminary Results

Vignera

Condorelli

Calogero

et al. 2023

JCM

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Purpose: To prospectively investigate the effects of treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analog, on reproductive and sexual function in men with metabolic hypogonadism who are of childbearing age. Materials and Methods: To accomplish this purpose, 110 men of childbearing age (18–35 years) with metabolic hypogonadism were enrolled and divided into three groups, according to their desire to have children. Group A was made up of men actively seeking fatherhood, Group B, of men who did not seek fatherhood, and Group C, of men who had already fathered a child. Group A patients were treated with gonadotropins (urofollitropin at 150 IU, three times a week, and human chorionic gonadotropin at 2000 IU, twice a week), Group B patients with liraglutide (3 mg daily), and Group C patients with transdermal testosterone (60 mg per day). All patients were treated for 4 months. Results: Patients treated with liraglutide (Group B) showed significant improvement in conventional sperm parameters, compared to baseline and Group A patients, and in the quality of erectile function compared to baseline and patients of Groups A and C. In addition, they had significantly higher levels of total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin serum levels after 4 months of treatment with liraglutide than those achieved by patients in the other two groups at the end of the respective treatments. Finally, Group B patients also showed significantly higher serum gonadotropin levels than the other groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed, for the first time, the efficacy of liraglutide, a GLP1 analog, for the pharmacological treatment of male patients with metabolic hypogonadism. Liraglutide has also shown advantages over traditional treatments on both reproductive and sexual function and appears to offer greater benefits in terms of metabolic protection. These findings suggest that liraglutide is a useful drug for the treatment of obese males with metabolic hypogonadism.

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“…The activation of the inflammasome requires stimulation by two different signals. The first is represented by the interaction of PAMPs with TLRs resulting in the activation of NF-κB [35,36]. The latter, in turn, stimulates the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, proIL-1β and proIL-18, which after translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, remain inactive until the presence of the second signal [34,37].…”

Section: Nafld In Ibd: An Unexplored Connecting Gut-liver-immune Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Complex Interplay

et al. 2022

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The intestinal microbiota represents the microbial community that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and constitutes the most complex ecosystem present in nature. The main intestinal microbial phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucromicrobia, with a clear predominance of the two phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes which account for about 90% of the intestinal phyla. Intestinal microbiota alteration, or dysbiosis, has been proven to be involved in the development of various syndromes, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. The present review underlines the most recurrent changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with NAFLD, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.

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NLRP3-inflammasome activation in male reproductive system diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Male Reproductive System: A Brief Review

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Male Reproductive System: A Brief Review

Sexual and Reproductive Outcomes in Obese Fertile Men with Functional Hypogonadism after Treatment with Liraglutide: Preliminary Results

Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Complex Interplay

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