“…Ammonia (NH 3 ), an essential chemical widely recognized by human society, finds extensive applications in cosmetics, fertilizers, disinfectants and dyes, and it also holds the potential as a green energy carrier for its remarkable energy density of 4.3 kW h kg −1 . 1–6 To date, the Haber–Bosch process (HBP) remains the dominant method for ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis. However, the HBP's demanding production conditions involving high temperatures and pressures have led to significant fossil energy consumption and the release of substantial CO 2 emissions.…”