Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Electrosynthesis of Ammonia and Urea from Ambient Nitrite Reduction and C–N Coupling

Huan, Yunfei; Jiang, Yuzhuo; Li, Linhe; He, Yanzheng; Cheng, Qiyang; Cao, Yufeng; Wang, Mengfan; Yan, Chenglin; Qian, Tao

doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01144

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 176 publications

(277 reference statements)

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) stands as a high-value-added chemical feedstock for producing nitrogen-rich fertilizers and is also a promising energy carrier . Conventional production of NH 3 relies on the Haber–Bosch process under harsh conditions, leading to considerable carbon dioxide emissions and notable energy consumption. − Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia (NRR) under ambient conditions represents a fascinating alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process . However, the current NRR involves several challenges, such as ultralow solubility of N 2 , extremely stable N ≡N bond (945 kJ mol –1 ), and severe competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), eventually giving rise to very low NH 3 –Faradaic efficiency (FE NH3 ) and NH 3 yield rate. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-Block Antimony–Copper Single-Atom Alloys for Selective Nitrite Electroreduction to Ammonia

Wang,

Shang,

Sun

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Electrocatalytic reduction of NO 2 − to NH 3 (NO 2 RR) offers an effective method for alleviating NO 2 − pollution and generating valuable NH 3 . Herein, a p-block single-atom alloy, namely, isolated Sb alloyed in a Cu substrate (Sb 1 Cu), is explored as a durable and highcurrent-density NO 2 RR catalyst. As revealed by the theoretical calculations and operando spectroscopic measurements, we demonstrate that Sb 1 incorporation can not only hamper the competing hydrogen evolution reaction but also optimize the d-band center of Sb 1 Cu and intermediate adsorption energies to boost the protonation energetics of NO 2 − -to-NH 3 conversion. Consequently, Sb 1 Cu integrated in a flow cell achieves an outstanding NH 3 yield rate of 2529.4 μmol h −1 cm −2 and FE NH3 of 95.9% at a high current density of 424.2 mA cm −2 , as well as a high durability for 100 h of electrolysis. KEYWORDS: electrocatalytic reduction of NO 2 − to NH 3 , p-block catalysts, single-atom alloys, theoretical calculations, operando spectroscopic measurements

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-Block Antimony–Copper Single-Atom Alloys for Selective Nitrite Electroreduction to Ammonia

Wang,

Shang,

Sun

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Urea: An In‐depth Investigation from Material Modification to Mechanism Analysis

Cao,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

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Industrial urea synthesis production uses NH3 from the Haber‐Bosch method, followed by the reaction of NH3 with CO2, which is an energy‐consuming technique. More thorough evaluations of the electrocatalytic C−N coupling reaction are needed for the urea synthesis development process, catalyst design, and the underlying reaction mechanisms. However, challenges of adsorption and activation of reactant and suppression of side reactions still hinder its development, making the systematic review necessary. This review meticulously outlines the progress in electrochemical urea synthesis by utilizing different nitrogen (NO3−, N2, NO2−, and N2O) and carbon (CO2 and CO) sources. Additionally, it delves into advanced methods in materials design, such as doping, facet engineering, alloying, and vacancy introduction. Furthermore, the existing classes of urea synthesis catalysts are clearly defined, which include 2D nanomaterials, materials with Mott–Schottky structure, materials with artificially frustrated Lewis pairs, single−atom catalysts (SACs), and heteronuclear dual−atom catalysts (HDACs). A comprehensive analysis of the benefits, drawbacks, and latest developments in modern urea detection techniques is discussed. It is aspired that this review will serve as a valuable reference for subsequent designs of highly efficient electrocatalysts and the development of strategies to enhance the performance of electrochemical urea synthesis.

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Mechanistic studies on defective hBN-supported metal-nonmetal synergistic catalysis for urea electrosynthesis

Qiu,

Dang

2025

Applied Surface Science

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Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Electrosynthesis of Ammonia and Urea from Ambient Nitrite Reduction and C–N Coupling

Cited by 7 publications

References 176 publications

P-Block Antimony–Copper Single-Atom Alloys for Selective Nitrite Electroreduction to Ammonia

P-Block Antimony–Copper Single-Atom Alloys for Selective Nitrite Electroreduction to Ammonia

Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Urea: An In‐depth Investigation from Material Modification to Mechanism Analysis

Mechanistic studies on defective hBN-supported metal-nonmetal synergistic catalysis for urea electrosynthesis

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