Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization in Microemulsion (Microemulsion NMP) of <i>n</i>-Butyl Acrylate

Tomoeda, Seita; Kitayama, Yukiya; Wakamatsu, Junpei; Minami, Hideto; Zetterlund, Per B.; Okubo, Masayoshi

doi:10.1021/ma200859s

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These versatile methods are used to produce precise polymers with regulated molecular weight, fine molecular dispersal and site-specific functionality. Some examples are: atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [ 150 ], nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [ 151 ], reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) [ 152 ], ring-opening polymerization (ROP), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) [ 7 ] and acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) [ 153 ]. Additionally, versatile methods also permit the production of high grafting densities on graft polymers and control over end-group composition.…”

Section: Lignin-derived Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology

Yadav¹,

Gupta

Kumar

et al. 2022

Materials

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Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegradable materials. Its wide usage includes drug delivery, polymers and several forms of emerging lignin nanoparticles. The synthesis of lignin nanoparticles is carried out in a controlled manner. The traditional manufacturing techniques are costly and often toxic and hazardous to the environment. This review article highlights simple, safe, climate-friendly and ecological approaches to the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles. The changeable, complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin makes it challenging to degrade. Researchers have discovered a small number of microorganisms that have developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways to use lignin as a carbon source. These microbes show promising potential for the biodegradation of lignin. The degradation pathways of these microbes are also described, which makes the study of biological synthesis much easier. However, surface modification of lignin nanoparticles is something that is yet to be explored. This review elucidates the recent advances in the biodegradation of lignin in the ecological system. It includes the current approaches, methods for modification, new applications and research for the synthesis of lignin and lignin nanoparticles. Additionally, the intricacy of lignin’s structure, along with its chemical nature, is well-described. This article will help increase the understanding of the utilization of lignin as an economical and alternative-resource material. It will also aid in the minimization of solid waste arising from lignin.

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Section: Lignin-derived Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology

Yadav¹,

Gupta

Kumar

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…Reactive polymer scaffolds containing functional and reactive side chain units have emerged as important building blocks for the preparation of well-defined and functional macromolecular architectures or polymer-coated surfaces over the last 10 years. [11][12][13][14][15] Controlled radical polymerization methods such as atom transfer radical polymerization, [16][17][18] nitroxide-mediated polymerization, [19][20][21] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) [22][23][24] procedures have made possible the synthesis of functionally diverse polymers with predetermined chemical compositions and low dispersities using a wide variety of monomer types and polymerization conditions. Despite the versatility of these methods, postpolymerization modification techniques are still needed as a powerful tool for building functional polymer structures due to the incompatibility or susceptibility of desired monomers toward the polymerization conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive polymer scaffolds containing functional and reactive side chain units have emerged as important building blocks for the preparation of well‐defined and functional macromolecular architectures or polymer‐coated surfaces over the last 10 years . Controlled radical polymerization methods such as atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide‐mediated polymerization, and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) procedures have made possible the synthesis of functionally diverse polymers with predetermined chemical compositions and low dispersities using a wide variety of monomer types and polymerization conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silica/PAA NPs via combining RAFT polymerization and thiol‐ene click reaction and postpolymerization modifications with arsenazo (III)

Gargari

Kalal

Niknafs

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Silica/poly(acrylic acid)/arsenazo core‐shell nanoparticles were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization combined with thiol‐ene grafting method. Thiol‐terminated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA‐SH) was prepared by RAFT polymerization of the acrylic acid using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator. The molecular weight and structure of this polymer were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transform infrared. Methacrylate‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (MPS‐silica NPs) were prepared by the functionalization of silica nanoparticles with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate in dried toluene. PAA‐SH was coupled to MPS‐silica NPs by click reaction in the presence of AIBN. The chemical nature and structure of product were characterized by a multitechnique approach. The prepared particles consist of silica cores, about 45 nm in size, surrounded by stable PAA shells. Furthermore, after conversion of arsenazo (III) to arsenazoNH2, it was successfully clicked on the surface of PAA shell. It is realized that the postpolymerization kinetics can be tuned by several parameters such as the temperature of reaction medium and concentration of arsenazoNH2. These nanoparticles could be useful in sensor and indicator applications due to the interesting properties that arsenazo has against specific metal ions. Furthermore, the described results give new insights in the synthesis and characterization of silica polymer core‐shell nanoparticles.

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“…Radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed systems is much important for the polymer synthesis from the viewpoints of environmental compatibility and preparing functional polymer/hybrid particles. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Especially, an emulsion polymerization is a promising strategy to obtain submicrometer-sized polymer particles applicable in the wide range of the industrial fields such as paints, coating, and nanotechnology since the system can prepare high solids content emulsion containing high molecular weight polymer without using the high shear energy. [14] Recently, many researchers attempted to apply CLRP technique to the emulsion polymerization (emulsion CLRP) for the industrial application and environmental concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Nucleation in the Initial Stage of Emulsifier‐Free, Emulsion Organotellurium‐Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Emulsion TERP) of Styrene: Kinetic Approach

Kitayama

Yamashita

Okubo

2016

Macro Theory & Simulations

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Kinetic simulations of polymer chain propagation in an aqueous medium in an initial stage of emulsifier‐free, emulsion organotellurium‐mediated living radical polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene with sodium poly(methacrylic acid)‐methyltellanyl (PMAA‐TeMe) as a control agent and 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) as a water‐soluble azo‐initiator at various polymerization temperatures, which is carried out experimentally at pH > 9 in a previous article, is performed using PREDICI software from CiTGmbH. The approach based on α‐chain end‐separated kinetic simulation leads us to get important aspects of individual polymer chain growths from both α‐end groups, i.e., initiator and PMAA end groups. The larger number percentage of polystyrene (PS) chain having PMAA end group relative to all PS chains is generated at lower polymerization temperature. In addition, the PS chain growth is also pronounced at lower temperature. In other words, the self‐assembly nucleation, in which the control agents are contained, predominantly occurs at the lower polymerization temperature than the homogeneous nucleation, in which they are not contained. This indicates that the emulsion TERP effectively proceeds at lower temperature, which is well accorded with the experimental result in the previous article.

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Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization in Microemulsion (Microemulsion NMP) of n-Butyl Acrylate

Abstract: Notes† Part CCCXLIII of the series "Studies on Suspension and Emulsion".

Cited by 28 publications

References 57 publications

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology

Synthesis of silica/PAA NPs via combining RAFT polymerization and thiol‐ene click reaction and postpolymerization modifications with arsenazo (III)

Particle Nucleation in the Initial Stage of Emulsifier‐Free, Emulsion Organotellurium‐Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Emulsion TERP) of Styrene: Kinetic Approach

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