Nitrous oxide emissions from arable soils in Germany — An evaluation of six long-term field experiments

Kaiser, Ernst‐August; Ruser, Reiner

doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200006)163:3<249::aid-jpln249>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 116 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…This confirms that the fertilizer sources affect N 2 O flux. Kaiser and Ruser (2000) reported that organically fertilized soil is characterised by higher N 2 O emissions compared to mineral fertilizer-treated plots. It is due to higher microbiological activities and the accessibility of C suitable for mineralization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of management practices on gas emissions and N losses calculated with denitrification-decomposition model

Syp¹,

Faber²,

Pikuła³

2015

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The study presents the impact of management practices on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and nitrogen (N) losses calculated with a denitrification-decomposition model. Two cropping systems were analysed. The first rotation (A) consisted of potato, winter wheat, spring barley and corn. The second (B) included potato, winter wheat, spring barley and clover with grasses mixture. In A1 and B1 scenarios, fluxes were estimated on the basis of mineral fertilizers input, whereas in A2 and B2 scenarios the assessment of emissions was made with regards to manure. The results indicated that the application of manure in A rotation led to the increase of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, N leaching, N surplus, crop yields, and the decrease of nitrogen use efficiency higher than in B rotation. Additional doses of manure in A2 scenario increased the potential of the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and global warming potential (GWP) by 157%. In B2 scenario, SOC augmented more than three-fold but GWP increased only by 10%. The N losses and GHG emissions could be minimised by controlling N application through the implementation of nutrient management plan in which N doses are defined based on the crop needs and soil quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of management practices on gas emissions and N losses calculated with denitrification-decomposition model

Syp¹,

Faber²,

Pikuła³

2015

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…However, the implementation of anaerobic digestion plants also enables a use of the residues otherwise incorporated directly into the soil (crop residues, green manure crops like cover crops or clover-grass-leys) leading to a substantial decrease of soilborne N 2 O emissions as indicated by few studies presented in Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil C, N, and biological activity Stinner 2009;Nadeem et al 2012). The harvest and anaerobic digestion of clover/grass leys, crop residues, and cover crops in autumn results in the removal of large amounts of N and its storage in "closed" stores during winter Gunnarsson et al 2011;Nadeem et al 2012), a period with substantial N 2 O losses which might account for 50 % or even more of the annual N 2 O flux (Flessa et al 1995;Kaiser and Ruser 2000). Whole-year inventories indicated that most soil N 2 O fluxes occurred within 20-40 days after fertilization Möller and Stinner 2009;Chantigny et al 2010).…”

Section: Cropping System Change-based Impacts On Field N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

Möller¹

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

231

139

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Sustainability in agriculture means the inclusion of several aspects, as sustainable agriculture systems must not compromise not only their ability to satisfy future needs by undermining soil fertility and the natural resource base but also sustainable agriculture has had to address a range of other issues including energy use, efficient use, and recycling of nutrients, the effects on adjacent ecosystems including the effects on water bodies and climate change. Organic manures are an important factor to keep the soil fertility level of soils. However, their management is often related to large emissions. In this context, anaerobic digestion is-similarly to composting-a treatment option for stabilization of biogenic wastes leading to a residual product called digestates, enabling the sanitation and the recycling and use as fertilizer. It is also a means to obtain energy from wastes as well as from dedicated energy crops. Therefore, anaerobic digestion potentially addresses several aspects of agricultural sustainability. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the effects of anaerobic digestion on organic compounds in digestates and the most important processes influencing N emissions in the field, as well as the possible longterm effects on soil microbial biomass and soil fertility. The main findings are that (1) the direct effects of anaerobic digestion on long-term sustainability in terms of soil fertility and environmental impact at the field level are of minor relevance. (2) The most relevant effects of anaerobic digestion on soil fertility as well as on N emissions will be expected from indirect effects related to cropping system changes such as changes in crop rotation, crop acreage, cover cropping, and total amounts of organic manures including digestates. Furthermore, (3) the remaining organic fraction after anaerobic digestion is much more recalcitrant than the input feedstocks leading to a stabilization of the organic matter and a lower organic matter degradation rate after field application, enabling a similar reproduction of the soil organic matter as obtained by direct application of the feedstock or by composting of the feedstock. (4) Regarding emissions, the main direct effect of anaerobic digestion on a farm level is the influence on gaseous emissions during manure or digestate treatment and handling, whereas the direct effects of anaerobic digestion on a field level on emissions (NH 3 − and N 2 O − emissions, NO 3 -leaching) are negligible or at least ambiguous. (5) The main direct effects of anaerobic digestion on the field level are short-term effects on soil microbial activity and changes in the soil microbial community. Therefore, in terms of the effects on agricultural sustainability, potential cropping system-based changes induced by introduction of biogas plants are probably much more relevant for the overall performance and sustainability of the cropping system than the direct effects triggered by application of digestates in comparison to the undigested feedstock...

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“…Surprisingly the BMED values for N 2 O for tropical climates are similar to those in temperate and lower than in subtropical climates. Although not significantly different, the BMED for continental temperate climates is higher than for oceanic temperate climates, reflecting the higher winter emissions due to temporary accumulation of soil N due to freezethaw cycles (Kaiser and Ruser 2000). The length of the experiment is the only measurement-related factor with a significant influence on N 2 O emissions ( Table 1).…”

Section: Agricultural Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions

Stehfest

Bouwman

2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

887

748

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The number of published N 2 O and NO emissions measurements is increasing steadily, providing additional information about driving factors of these emissions and allowing an improvement of statistical N-emission models. We summarized information from 1008 N 2 O and 189 NO emission measurements for agricultural fields, and 207 N 2 O and 210 NO measurements for soils under natural vegetation. The factors that significantly influence agricultural N 2 O emissions were N application rate, crop type, fertilizer type, soil organic C content, soil pH and texture, and those for NO emissions include N application rate, soil N content and climate. Compared to an earlier analysis the 20% increase in the number of N 2 O measurements for agriculture did not yield more insight or reduced uncertainty, because the representation of environmental and management conditions in agro-ecosystems did not improve, while for NO emissions the additional measurements in agricultural systems did yield a considerable improvement. N 2 O emissions from soils under natural vegetation are significantly influenced by vegetation type, soil organic C content, soil pH, bulk density and drainage, while vegetation type and soil C content are major factors for NO emissions. Statistical models of these factors were used to calculate global annual emissions from fertilized cropland (3.3 Tg N 2 O-N and 1.4 Tg NO-N) and grassland (0.8 Tg N 2 O-N and 0.4 Tg NO-N). Global emissions were not calculated for soils under natural vegetation due to lack of data for many vegetation types.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from arable soils in Germany — An evaluation of six long-term field experiments

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the impact of management practices on gas emissions and N losses calculated with denitrification-decomposition model

Assessing the impact of management practices on gas emissions and N losses calculated with denitrification-decomposition model

Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions

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