Nitrous oxide emissions from a fallow and wheat field as affected by increased soil temperatures

Kamp, T.C. van der; Steindl, H.; Hantschel, R.; Beese, F.; Munch, Jean Charles

doi:10.1007/s003740050438

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We are not aware of prior warming manipulations in turfgrass, and field warming studies in other ecosystems have shown conflicting effects on N 2 O fluxes. Kamp et al (1998), Table 1 F-and P-values for treatment effects on C 3 and C 4 foliar C/N for time periods before and after fertilization of high N plots (CN and TN) who applied a 3 1C warming to wheat and fallow fields, did not find differences in cumulative emissions of N 2 O, but did find that heated fallow plot emissions were three times higher than control plots during summer. Conversely, Hantschel et al (1995) found lower N 2 O fluxes in 3 1C heated wheat fields during winter in Germany.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Bijoor

Czimczik

Pataki

et al. 2008

Global Change Biology

113

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We examined the influence of temperature and management practices on the nitrogen (N) cycling of turfgrass, the largest irrigated crop in the United States. We measured nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes, and plant and soil N content and isotopic composition with a manipulative experiment of temperature and fertilizer application. Infrared lamps were used to increase surface temperature by 3.5 AE 1.3 1C on average and control and heated plots were split into high and low fertilizer treatments. The N 2 O fluxes increased following fertilizer application and were also directly related to soil moisture. There was a positive effect of warming on N 2 O fluxes. Soils in the heated plots were enriched in nitrogen isotope ratio (d 15 N) relative to control plots, consistent with greater gaseous losses of N. For all treatments, C 4 plant C/N ratio was negatively correlated with plant d 15 N, suggesting that low leaf N was associated with the use of isotopically depleted N sources such as mineralized organic matter. A significant and unexpected result was a large, rapid increase in the proportion of C 4 plants in the heated plots relative to control plots, as measured by the carbon isotope ratio (d 13 C) of total harvested aboveground biomass. The C 4 plant biomass was dominated by crabgrass, a common weed in C 3 fescue lawns. Our results suggest that an increase in temperature caused by climate change as well as the urban heat island effect may result in increases in N 2 O emissions from fertilized urban lawns. In addition, warming may exacerbate weed invasions, which may require more intensive management, e.g. herbicide application, to manage species composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Bijoor

Czimczik

Pataki

et al. 2008

Global Change Biology

113

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“…However soil warming experiments are of limited utility in evaluating the response of N 2 O emissions to long‐term rises in T s because the response is offset by concurrent soil drying [ Kamp et al , 1998]. Alternatively, meta‐analyses of field experiments under a range of climates have been used to infer rises in annual N 2 O emissions with longer‐term soil warming which are comparable to those modeled here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Attempts to measure the direct effect of elevated T a on N 2 O emissions through soil warming studies have not given clear results. Barnard et al [2005] found that soil warming did not have large direct effects on N 2 O emissions in the field, although this finding appeared to be based on results from forest sites where emissions were constrained by low mineral N. Warming effects on N 2 O emissions in agricultural fields may be offset by lower WFPS caused by accelerated soil drying [ Kamp et al , 1998]. Warming has raised emissions substantially in laboratory studies when WFPS was controlled [ Dobbie and Smith , 2001; Goodroad and Keeney , 1984], and in short‐term field studies when WFPS and mineral N were not limiting [ Clayton et al , 1997; Phillips et al , 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature sensitivity of N₂O emissions from fertilized agricultural soils: Mathematical modeling in ecosys

Grant

Pattey

2008

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] N 2 O emissions have been found to be highly sensitive to soil temperature (T s ) which may cause substantial rises in emissions with rises in T s expected in most climate change scenarios. Mathematical models used to project changes in emissions during climate change should be able to simulate the physical and biological processes by which this sensitivity is determined. We show that the large rises in N 2 O emissions with short-term rises in T s (Q 10 > 5) found in controlled temperature studies can be modeled from established Arrhenius functions for rates of microbial C and N oxidation (Q 10 $ 2) when combined with T s effects on gaseous solubilities and diffusivities and with water effects on gaseous diffusivities, interphase gas transfer coefficients, and diffusion path lengths. Rises in N 2 O emissions modeled with a long-term rise in T s during a climate warming scenario were smaller than expected from short-term rises in T s . Nonetheless, annual N 2 O emissions rose by $30% during three growing seasons in a cool humid maize-soybean rotation under a climate change scenario in which atmospheric CO 2 concentration C a was raised by 50%, air temperature T a by 3°C, and precipitation events by 5%. These model results indicate that climate warming may cause substantial rises in N 2 O emissions from fertilized agricultural fields in cool, humid climates.

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“…Controlling factors for N 2 O emissions are listed in the literature, including pH (Fritsche, 2002;Stevens et al, 1998), humidity (Huetsch et al, 1999;Weier et al, 1993), soil density (Groffman and Tiedje, 1991;Horn et al, 1995), temperature (Flessa et al, 2002;Kamp et al, 1998), the ratio of total carbon to nitrogen in the soil (Wedin and Tilman, 1996), and nitrogen availability (Scheffer and Schachtschabel, 2002;Silgram et al, 2001;Wrage et al, 2004). N 2 O emissions are influenced by temporal dynamic factors (Potter and Klooster, 1998) such as rainfall and snowmelt (Brumme et al, 1999) as well as freezing and thawing (Kamp et al, 1998;Rudaz et al, 1999;Teepe et al, 2000). In addition to the variability of environmental factors, there is a high spatial variability of the N 2 O fluxes (Schu¨rmann et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DenNit – Experimental analysis and modelling of soil N2O efflux in response on changes of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH, nutrient availability and the time after rain event

2005

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To quantify the effects of soil temperature (T soil ), and relative soil water content (RSWC) on soil N 2 O emission we measured N 2 O soil efflux with a closed dynamic chamber in situ in the field and from soil cores in a controlled climate chamber experiment. Additionally we analysed the effect of soil acidity, ammonium, and nitrate concentration in the field. The analysis was performed on three meadows, two bare soils and in one forest. We identified soil water content, soil temperature, soil nitrogen content, and pH as the main parameters influencing soil N 2 O emission. The response of N 2 O emission to soil temperature and relative soil water content was analysed for the field and climate chamber measurements. A non-linear regression model (DenNit) was developed for the field data to describe soil N 2 O efflux as a function of soil temperature, soil moisture, pH value, and ammonium and nitrate concentration. The model could explain 81% of the variability in soil N 2 O emission of all individual field measurements, except for data with short-term soil water changes, namely during and up to 2 h after rain stopped. We validated the model with an independent dataset. For this additional meadow site 73% of the flux variation could be explained with the model.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from a fallow and wheat field as affected by increased soil temperatures

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Temperature sensitivity of N₂O emissions from fertilized agricultural soils: Mathematical modeling in ecosys

DenNit – Experimental analysis and modelling of soil N2O efflux in response on changes of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH, nutrient availability and the time after rain event

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Nitrous oxide emissions from a fallow and wheat field as affected by increased soil temperatures

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

Temperature sensitivity of N2O emissions from fertilized agricultural soils: Mathematical modeling in ecosys

DenNit – Experimental analysis and modelling of soil N2O efflux in response on changes of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH, nutrient availability and the time after rain event

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Temperature sensitivity of N₂O emissions from fertilized agricultural soils: Mathematical modeling in ecosys