Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues

Sarkodie-Addo, J.; Lee, H.C.; Baggs, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00323.x

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This effect could be a result of better environmental conditions for the mineralization of crop residues from the previous year (Chen et al, 2013). In monoculture wheat, a combination of residue inputs with a high C:N ratio (mean C:N ratio of 160.3) and mineral N fertilizer, both at seeding and dressing, may have stimulated denitrification losses from mineral N added to soil (Li et al, 2016), as residues provide an energy supply for denitrifying microorganisms (Sarkodie-Addo et al, 2003;Sanz-Cobena et al, 2014). This effect was particularly noticeable after dressing fertilization in the campaign 2, increasing fluxes in the monoculture wheat-NT treatment and changing the trend observed in the first campaign and the beginning of the second (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Campaign Tillage and Crop Systems On N2o Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cereal residues (high C:N ratio) can promote soil N immobilization when they are applied without an additional source of mineral N, consequently leading to a temporary reduction of N2O fluxes (Huang et al, 2004). However, other authors (Sarkodie-Addo et al, 2003) have observed an enhancement of denitrification losses when a mineral source is added together with high C:N ratio residues, providing an energy supply for denitrifying microorganisms. Addition of N fertiliser may also inhibit CH4 uptake due to the interference of enzyme activity responsible for CH 4 oxidation (CH 4 monooxygenase) with NH3 monooxygenase (Dunfield and Knowles, 1995), depending on N rate (Aronson and Helliker, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Tellez-Rio

Vallejo

García‐Marco

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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Conservation tillage and crop rotations improve soil quality. However, the impact of these practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and crop yields is not well defined, particularly in dry climates. A rainfed 2-year field-experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three long-term (17-18 years) tillage systems (Conventional Tillage (CT), Minimum Tillage (MT) and No Tillage (NT)) and two cropping systems (rotational wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) preceded by fallow, and wheat in monoculture), on nitrous oxide (N2 0) and methane (CH4) emissions, during two field campaigns. Soil mineral N, water-filled pore space, dissolved organic carbon (C) and grain yield were measured and yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions, N surplus and Global Warming Potentials (GWP) were calculated. No tillage only decreased cumulative N 2 0 losses (compared to MT/CT) during campaign 1 (the driest campaign with least fertilizer N input), while tillage did not affect CH4 oxidation. The GWP demonstrated that the enhancement of C stocks under NT caused this tillage management to decrease overall CO2 equivalent emissions. Monoculture increased N2O fluxes during campaign 2 (normal year and conventional N input) and decreased CH4 uptake, as opposed to rotational wheat. Conversely, wheat in monoculture tended to increase soil organic C stocks and therefore resulted in a lower GWP, but differences were not statistically significant. Grain yields were strongly influenced by climatic variability. The NT and CT treatments yielded most during the dry and the normal campaign, and the yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions followed the same tendency. Minimum tillage was not an adequate tillage management considering the GWP and the yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions (which were 39% lower in NT with respect to MT). Regarding the crop effect, wheat in rotation resulted in a 32% increase in grain yield and 31% mitigation of yield-scaled N2O emissions. Low cumulative N2O fluxes (<250gN 2 O-Nha _1 campaign -1 ) highlighted the relevance of soil organic C and C0 2 emissions from inputs and operations in rainfed semi-arid cropping systems. This study suggests that NT and crop rotation can be recommended as good agricultural practices in order to establish an optimal balance between GHGs fluxes, GWP, yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions and N surpluses.

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Section: Effect Of Campaign Tillage and Crop Systems On N2o Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Tellez-Rio

Vallejo

García‐Marco

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…N 2 O emissions from INM systems using organic amendments with C:N near 8 (composted manures and yard waste compost) were lower or equivalent to the organic amendment treatments in most cases [19,50,51]. Conversely, when the C:N of organic amendments were around 8 which included treatments of fresh cattle manure and freshly incorporated green manure, N 2 O emissions from INM increased compared to the organic amendment treatments [52,53]. These results suggest that high C substrate availability relative to the amount of added N is an important contributor to N 2 O emissions in INM systems [54].…”

Section: Potential For Minimizing N 2 O Emissions With Inmmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Sarkodie-Addo et al [53] compared winter rye and wheat as green manures with added ammonium nitrate and measured subsequent N 2 O emissions in one growing season in the U.K. Incorporating green manure with added inorganic N fertilizer significantly increased N 2 O emissions compared to inorganic N addition and green manure alone.…”

Section: Summary Of Field Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporating green manure with added inorganic N fertilizer significantly increased N 2 O emissions compared to inorganic N addition and green manure alone. Sarkodie-Addo et al [53] suggest that elevated N 2 O emissions were due to the supply of C from the incorporated rye and wheat residue, which combined with the added inorganic N provided energy for denitrifying microbes. Crop yields in the INM treatments were greater than in the green manure treatments, but not the inorganic N fertilizer treatments.…”

Section: Summary Of Field Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Organic and Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies for Reducing Soil N2O Emissions

2017

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Abstract:To prevent nutrient limitations to crop growth, nitrogen is often applied in agricultural systems in the form of organic inputs (e.g., crop residues, manure, compost, etc.) or inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer has large environmental and economic costs, particularly for low-input smallholder farming systems. The concept of combining organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient sources through Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is increasingly promoted as a means of improving nutrient use efficiency by matching soil nutrient availability with crop demand. While the majority of previous research on INM has focused on soil quality and yield, potential climate change impacts have rarely been assessed. In particular, it remains unclear whether INM increases or decreases soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions compared to organic nitrogen inputs, which may represent an overlooked environmental tradeoff. The objectives of this review were to (i) summarize the mechanisms influencing N 2 O emissions in response to organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources, (ii) synthesize findings from the limited number of field experiments that have directly compared N 2 O emissions for organic N inputs vs. INM treatments, (iii) develop a hypothesis for conditions under which INM reduces N 2 O emissions and (iv) identify key knowledge gaps to address in future research. In general, INM treatments having low carbon to nitrogen ratio C:N (<8) tended to reduce emissions compared to organic amendments alone, while INM treatments with higher C:N resulted in no change or increased N 2 O emissions.

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Rye cover crop incorporation and high watertable mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in cultivated peatland

et al. 2019

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Drainage and cultivation of peat soils almost always result in rapid soil degradation and a loss of soil organic matter (SOM). Winter cover crop cultivation and subsequent incorporation and watertable elevation have been considered as potential strategies to improve soil quality and decrease nutrient loss in drained and cultivated peatlands. However, the combined effect of residue incorporation and watertable management on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in these highly productive fen peat soils remains unknown. In the present study, two winter cover crops with contrasting carbon/nitrogen ratios (vetch [Vicia sativa], 45–60; rye [Secale cereale], 13–14) were incorporated into peat soils as green manure (without extra synthetic/organic N addition) at two watertable depths (−50 and −30 cm). Our results showed that fast mineralization of incorporated residues can cause a large pulse of GHG release under favourable environmental conditions. Both vetch and rye incorporation increased CO2 emissions compared with the bare soil treatments due to labile C addition and removal of N constraints. However, the two cover crops had strongly contrasting effects on N2O emissions. Incorporation of low C/N ratio vetch stimulated N2O emissions (average 21.8 ± 7.3 mg N m−2 hr−1) compared with the bare soil treatments, whereas high C/N ratio rye decreased N2O emissions (average 0.09 ± 0.03 mg N m−2 hr−1). Raising the watertable slightly reduced CO2 emissions from an average of 1.3 ± 0.4 (the bare soils) to 0.9 ± 0.3 g C m−2 hr−1 by inhibiting SOM mineralization but significantly increased N2O emissions in the vetch treatments by stimulating denitrification. CH4 fluxes were not affected by watertable depth, and their contribution to total global warming potential was negligible. Therefore, we conclude that high C/N ratio cover crops (e.g., rye) in combination with a raised watertable may represent a viable management option to mitigate GHG fluxes in fen peat soils.

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Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Comparison of Organic and Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies for Reducing Soil N2O Emissions

Rye cover crop incorporation and high watertable mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in cultivated peatland

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