Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium

Watson, Stanley W.; Bock, Eberhard; Valois, Frederica W.; Waterbury, John; Schlosser, Ursula

doi:10.1007/bf00454947

Cited by 262 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cytoplasmic and outer membrane were not in close contact at the longitudinal axis like in most other Gram-negative bacteria, but cells showed a balloon-like periplasmic space (Figure 3b). An unusual wide periplasmic space was already described for members of the genus Nitrospira (Watson et al, 1986), but the dimensions were more extended here. No intracytoplasmic membranes or carboxysomes were found.…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of the Novel Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 52%

Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic

et al. 2007

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Permafrost-affected soils of the Siberian Arctic were investigated with regard to identification of nitrite oxidizing bacteria active at low temperature. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles of enrichment cultures grown at 41C, 101C and 171C revealed a pattern that was different from that of known nitrite oxidizers but was similar to fatty acid profiles of Betaproteobacteria. Electron microscopy of two enrichment cultures grown at 101C showed prevalent cells with a conspicuous ultrastructure. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes allocated the organisms to a so far uncultivated cluster of the Betaproteobacteria, with Gallionella ferruginea as next related taxonomically described organism. The results demonstrate that a novel genus of chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizing bacteria is present in polygonal tundra soils and can be enriched at low temperatures up to 171C. Cloned sequences with high sequence similarities were previously reported from mesophilic habitats like activated sludge and therefore an involvement of this taxon in nitrite oxidation in nonarctic habitats is suggested. The presented culture will provide an opportunity to correlate nitrification with nonidentified environmental clones in moderate habitats and give insights into mechanisms of cold adaptation. We propose provisional classification of the novel nitrite oxidizing bacterium as 'Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica'.

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Section: Ultrastructure Of the Novel Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 52%

Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic

et al. 2007

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“…1G and 2D). Overall, the cell wall structure resembles that of related representatives of the Nitrospira phylum, such as Nitrospira marina (26), N. moscoviensis (27), and N. defluvii (28), whereas the bipartite outer layer seems to be a distinct feature of the Mbav cell envelope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Conservation of proteobacterial magnetosome genes and structures in an uncultivated member of the deep-branchingNitrospiraphylum

Jogler

Wanner

Kolinko

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

172

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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a phylogenetically diverse group which uses intracellular membrane-enclosed magnetite crystals called magnetosomes for navigation in their aquatic habitats. Although synthesis of these prokaryotic organelles is of broad interdisciplinary interest, its genetic analysis has been restricted to a few closely related members of the Proteobacteria, in which essential functions required for magnetosome formation are encoded within a large genomic magnetosome island. However, because of the lack of cultivated representatives from other phyla, it is unknown whether the evolutionary origin of magnetotaxis is monophyletic, and it has been questioned whether homologous mechanisms and structures are present in unrelated MTB. Here, we present the analysis of the uncultivated "Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum" from the deep branching Nitrospira phylum by combining micromanipulation and whole genome amplification (WGA) with metagenomics. Target-specific sequences obtained by WGA of cells, which were magnetically collected and individually sorted from sediment samples, were used for PCR screening of metagenomic libraries. This led to the identification of a genomic cluster containing several putative magnetosome genes with homology to those in Proteobacteria. A variety of advanced electron microscopic imaging tools revealed a complex cell envelope and an intricate magnetosome architecture. The presence of magnetosome membranes as well as cytoskeletal magnetosome filaments suggests a similar mechanism of magnetosome formation in "Cand. M. bavaricum" as in Proteobacteria. Altogether, our findings suggest a monophyletic origin of magnetotaxis, and relevant genes were likely transferred horizontally between Proteobacteria and representatives of the Nitrospira phylum.M agnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread aquatic microorganisms that use unique intracellular organelles called magnetosomes to navigate along the earth's magnetic field while searching for growth-favoring microoxic zones within stratified sediments. In strains of Magnetospirillum, it was shown that magnetosomes consist of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) crystals enclosed by a dedicated phospholipid membrane. The magnetosome membrane (MM) contains a specific set of proteins (1-3), which direct the biomineralization of highly ordered crystals along actin-like cytoskeletal filaments that control the assembly and intracellular positioning of a linear magnetosome chain (4-7). Synthesis of magnetosomes has recently emerged as a model for prokaryotic organelle formation and biomineralization (8-11). The trait of magnetotaxis is widely spread among Proteobacteria including members from the α-, δ-and γ-subdivisions, as well as uncultivated species from the deep branching Nitrospira phylum (8). The presence of MTB within unrelated lines of various phylogenetic groups, as well as their stunning diversity with respect to magnetosome shape, composition, and intracellular organization lead to speculations of whether the evolutionary origin of magnetota...

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“…Most notably, Nitrospirae and Fibrobacters appeared in the dominant phyla of the water hyacinth rhizosphere. Nitrospirae (Watson et al, 1986) is a type of chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and might take part in the removal of nitrogen in the WHS. Fibrobacteres (Gupta, 2004) are a small bacterial phylum that include many of the major rumen bacteria and allow for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals.…”

Section: Microbial Community Of the Rhizospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of duckweed in the conversion of wastewater nutrients to valuable biomass: A pilot-scale comparison with water hyacinth

Zhao

Fang

Jin

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

104

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Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium

Cited by 262 publications

References 13 publications

Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic

Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic

Conservation of proteobacterial magnetosome genes and structures in an uncultivated member of the deep-branchingNitrospiraphylum

Potential of duckweed in the conversion of wastewater nutrients to valuable biomass: A pilot-scale comparison with water hyacinth

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