?-nitropropionic acid and nitrite in relation to nitrate formation by Aspergillus flavus

Becker, George E.; Schmidt, E. L.

doi:10.1007/bf00422140

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…2017 ), kojic acid ( Birkinshaw et al., 1931 , Manabe et al., 1984 , Rank et al., 2012 , Sun et al., 2014 ), leporins ( Sun et al., 2014 , Arroya-Manzanares et al., 2015 ), miyakamides ( Shiomi et al . 2002 ), 3-nitropropionic acid ( Bush et al., 1951 , Becker and Schmidt, 1964 , Doxtater and Alexander, 1966 , Konoshita et al . 1968, Hatcher and Schmidt, 1971 , Iwasaki and Kosikowski, 1973 ), 2-oxo-cyclopiazonic acid ( Uka et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Frisvad

Hubka

Ezekiel

et al. 2019

Studies in Mycology

410

387

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Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are among the most important mycotoxins of all and producers of both types of mycotoxins are present in Aspergillus section Flavi, albeit never in the same species. Some of the most efficient producers of aflatoxins and ochratoxins have not been described yet. Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, we describe here eight new species in section Flavi. Phylogenetically, section Flavi is split in eight clades and the section currently contains 33 species. Two species only produce aflatoxin B1 and B2 (A. pseudotamarii and A. togoensis), and 14 species are able to produce aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2: three newly described species A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis in addition to A. arachidicola, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. luteovirescens (formerly A. bombycis), A. nomius, A. novoparasiticus, A. parasiticus, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis. It is generally accepted that A. flavus is unable to produce type G aflatoxins, but here we report on Korean strains that also produce aflatoxin G1 and G2. One strain of A. bertholletius can produce the immediate aflatoxin precursor 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, and one strain of Aspergillus sojae and two strains of Aspergillus alliaceus produced versicolorins. Strains of the domesticated forms of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, A. oryzae and A. sojae, respectively, lost their ability to produce aflatoxins, and from the remaining phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to the A. flavus-, A. tamarii-, A. bertholletius- and A. nomius-clades), only A. caelatus, A. subflavus and A. tamarii are unable to produce aflatoxins. With exception of A. togoensis in the A. coremiiformis-clade, all species in the phylogenetically more distant clades (A. alliaceus-, A. coremiiformis-, A. leporis- and A. avenaceus-clade) are unable to produce aflatoxins. Three out of the four species in the A. alliaceus-clade can produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: A. alliaceus s. str. and two new species described here as A. neoalliaceus and A. vandermerwei. Eight species produced the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid: A. bertholletius, A. caelatus, A. luteovirescens, A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. pseudotamarii and A. tamarii while the related mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid was produced by 13 species: A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. bertholletius, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. oryzae, A. pipericola, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudotamarii, A. sergii and A. tamarii. Furthermore, A. hancockii produced speradine A, a compound related to cyclopiazonic acid. Selected A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. pipericola and A. sergii strains produced small sclerotia containing the mycotoxin aflatrem. Kojic acid has been found in all species in section Flavi, except A. avenaceus and A. coremiiformis. Only six species in the section did not produce any known mycotoxins: A. aspearensis, A. coremii...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Frisvad

Hubka

Ezekiel

et al. 2019

Studies in Mycology

410

387

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“…Catalase can also perform an analogous function. In this fungus, 3-nitropropionate is formed during the process of ammonium oxidation (Doxtader and Alexander, 1966), and the H/O2 used in peroxidative-type reactions may be formed as the 3-nitropropionate is subsequently cleaved (Becker and Schmidt, 1964;Molina and Alexander, 1971). Thus, Little (1957) proposed that the enzymatic liberation of nitrite from an alkyl nitro compound is accompanied by H202 formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oxidation of nitrite and hydroxylamine byAspergillus flavus, peroxidase and catalase

Molina

Alexander

1972

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…us. Symbols: O, no BNP has been proposed as an intermediate in nitrification of A. flavus on the basis of its identification in culture filtrates of the fungus (5, 9) and of its oxidation to nitrate by growing and replacelndissociated form ment cultures of A. flavus (3). In heterotrophic ion at pH 3.8 was nitrification, nitrate is not detected until the cessaig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Glucose on the Oxidation of β-Nitropropionic Acid by Aspergillus flavus

Becker

1967

J Bacteriol

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The rate of oxidation of f-nitropropionic acid (BNP) to nitrate by replacement cultures of Aspergillus flavus was linear. For each micromole of BNP assimilated, 1 umole of nitrate was detected. BNP was readily oxidized at pH 3.8, but not at pH 6.8. In the presence of glucose, nitrate was not detected until after all of the glucose had been utilized. The effect of glucose is attributed to its inhibition of BNP uptake and also to its role as an electron donor for a nitrate reductase.

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?-nitropropionic acid and nitrite in relation to nitrate formation by Aspergillus flavus

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Oxidation of nitrite and hydroxylamine byAspergillus flavus, peroxidase and catalase

Effect of Glucose on the Oxidation of β-Nitropropionic Acid by Aspergillus flavus

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