Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Response of High Biomass Sorghum in the Lower Midwest

Maw, Michael J.W.; Houx, James H.; Fritschi, Felix B.

doi:10.2134/agronj2016.01.0044

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These trends match those of previous studies on grain sorghum NUE (Gardner et al, 1994; Zweifel et al, 1987), which decrease with increasing plant N concentration. Similarly, in a concurrent study to this one, high biomass sorghum NUE was observed to decrease at 56N or greater (Maw et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

2019

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Optimizing N fertilizer inputs is imperative for improving sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields and biofuel feedstock system efficiency. A 2‐yr study was conducted to determine the physiological N‐use efficiency (NUE) response in sweet sorghum's ethanol yield of stem juice, bagasse, and total ethanol yield (TEY). Two sweet sorghum cultivars (‘Dale’ and ‘Top 76–6’) were fertilized at five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha−1). At harvest, the stem juice and bagasse yields were measured then analyzed for the corresponding N concentrations and N contents. Whole‐plant N recovery efficiency ranged from −1.5 to 57.6% across both years, with a significant N rate effect only in one study year. The NUE of juice ethanol yield only demonstrated an N response in the second year, whereas the NUE of lignocellulosic ethanol yield was greatest at the 56 kg ha−1 fertilizer rate each year. The NUE of total theoretical ethanol yield, determined as the sum of juice and bagasse conversion to ethanol, averaged 169 L EtOH kg−1 N across both years and was greatest at the 56 kg N ha−1 fertilizer rate in both years, and decreased at N rates exceeding 56 kg ha−1 in only one of the years. This study revealed that although sweet sorghum ethanol yields increased with N fertilizer application, NUE was greatest with low N fertilizer rates, consistent with previous research indicating that sweet sorghum is an appropriate biofuel feedstock for production in low‐input systems or on marginal lands. Core Ideas Nitrogen recovery and use efficiencies of sweet sorghum juice and bagasse were measured for two years in Missouri. Nitrogen recovery efficiency was greatest in one study year when 224 kg N ha−1 was applied, with no differences in recovery in the second year. The N use efficiency of estimated total ethanol yield was greatest at 56 kg N ha−1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

2019

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“…The stem component accounted for 79% of total increase of crop N as a function of increasing N fertilization rate. A similar trend with greater stem N content response due to greater N fertilization rate was reported by Maw et al (2017) for cultivars ES5200 and ES5201 and by Ameen et al (2017) for cultivar Guoneng-11;however, Ameen et al (2017) also reported, in 1 out of 2 yr, greater stem P (from 6 to 11 kg ha -1 ) and K (from 39 to 68 kg ha -1 ) content as a function of increasing N fertilization rate.…”

Section: Biomass Sorghum Stem Yield Nutrient Content and Plant Heightsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…There was no N fertilization rate effect on N, P, or K leaf content observed in our study. In contrast, Maw et al (2017) and Ameen et al (2017) reported leaf nutrient content effects as a function of N fertilization in 1 out of 2 yr. The year × N rate interaction effect for leaf P content occurred because P content between years was not different at the 0-N rate only compared with the other four rates that were greater in 2014 ( Table 2).…”

Section: Leaf Yield and Nutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Average across N rates, and despite differences in stem biomass yield between years (Table 2), the stem component consistently accounted for 74% in 2014 and 73% in 2015 of the total crop biomass yield. Working with sorghum cultivars ES5200 and ES5201 in Missouri, Maw et al (2017) reported that the stem component accounted for 77 and 54% of the total crop biomass yield for a year with observed response and no response, respectively, to N fertilization. Ameen et al (2017) reported that the stem component accounted between 63 and 77% of total aboveground crop biomass yield for biomass sorghum cultivar Guoneng-11 grown in a semiarid region in China.…”

Section: Biomass Sorghum Stem Yield Nutrient Content and Plant Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitant with greater panicle yield observed in 2014, K content increased linearly from 2.8 to 4.2 kg ha -1 . Maw et al (2017) and Ameen et al (2017) did not report any panicle development for cultivars ES5200 and ES5201 grown in Missouri and cultivar Guoneng-11 grown in China, respectively. We did observe panicle development and recorded panicle weights, although the panicle component of biomass sorghum ES5200 played a negligible role for both biomass yield and nutrient content.…”

Section: Panicle Yield and Nutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem, Leaf, and Panicle Yield and Nutrient Content of Biomass and Sweet Sorghum

et al. 2018

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Core Ideas Sorghum is a potential dedicated bioenergy crop both from biomass and sugar yields. Increasing rates of N fertilizer affected biomass yield and nutrient removal for sorghum cultivar ES5200 by partitioning resources primarily toward the stem component. For sorghum M81‐E, the seed head component accounted for a greater proportion of biomass, compared with sorghum ES5200, and biomass yield and nutrients were more evenly distributed among the three components. Returning the leaf and seed head components back to the field to enhance soil fertility has the potential to provide at least 45, 7, and, 26 kg ha−1 of N, P, and K, respectively. Information on biomass yield and nutrient content among leaf, stem, and head components can aid on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar selection and harvest management practices to optimize the quality of the harvested feedstock and residue management. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to determine the effect of five N fertilization rates (0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg ha−1) on biomass yield and N, P, and K content of the stem, leaf, and panicle components of two dedicated bioenergy sorghum cultivars. Biomass sorghum Blade ES5200 and sweet sorghum M81‐E were grown in 2014 and 2015 in North Carolina. For ES5200, total biomass yield was 14.4 Mg ha−1 with 74, 25, and 2% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. For M81‐E, total biomass yield was 11.5 Mg ha−1 with 62, 24, and 15% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. Nutrient content by the leaf + panicle components combined were about 45, 7, and 26 kg ha−1 for N, P, and K, respectively, for both cultivars; however, for ES5200, the leaf + panicle components combined accounted for 46, 37, and 16% of total N, P, and K content, respectively, whereas for M81‐E they accounted for 62, 74, and 24% of total N, P, and K content, respectively. Addition of N fertilizer resulted in greater shifts in the stem component responses but to different extents for each cultivar.

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Winter legume cover effects on yields of biomass‐sorghum and cotton in Georgia

Anderson¹,

Knoll²,

Olson³

et al. 2022

Agronomy Journal

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Among the many ecosystems services of winter covers, winter legumes have an advantage over winter grain covers by fixing N that may be used by subsequent crops. A 5‐yr study was conducted to compare the biomass yields of five leguminous winter cover crops [Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), fava bean (Vicia fava L.), narrow‐leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), cahaba vetch (Vicia spp.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] plus rye (Secale cereale L.) and determine the effects of these winter cover crops either harvested or left on the soil on subsequent biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields at two field locations in Georgia. Lupin produced between 4.16 and 9.54 Mg ha−1 biomass, approximately two to four times more than any other cover at both locations every year. Lupin, followed by vetch and winter pea had the greatest positive effect on biomass sorghum yields. Biomass‐sorghum yields after lupin cover were not significantly different whether biomass was retained on the soil by rolling or removed. Seed cotton yields were higher after lupin and vetch . Significantly higher sorghum and cotton yields occurred for rolled covers with crimson clover, winter pea, and fava bean. Averaged over the years and locations, lupin biomass produced approximately 143 kg ha−1 N, more than any other cover. The study suggests that harvested or grazed lupin or vetch covers could give similar benefits to summer row crops compared with traditionally leaving the cover on the soil.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Response of High Biomass Sorghum in the Lower Midwest

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

Stem, Leaf, and Panicle Yield and Nutrient Content of Biomass and Sweet Sorghum

Winter legume cover effects on yields of biomass‐sorghum and cotton in Georgia

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