Nitrogen transfer and yield effects of legumes intercropped with the perennial grain crop intermediate wheatgrass

Reilly, Evelyn C.; Gutknecht, Jessica; Tautges, Nicole E.; Jungers, Jacob M.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108627

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…or red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) than in the IWG monocultures (Tautges et al, 2018;Favre et al, 2019;Mårtensson et al, 2022). However, others showed similar Kernza grain yields in alfalfa, sweet clover, and white clover intercropping (Dick et al, 2018;Reilly et al, 2022). Slow establishing perennial legumes like Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) (Sleugh et al, 2000) or annual legumes like Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) could reduce competition and avoid the observed Kernza grain reductions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Pinto

Cartoni-Casamitjana

Cureton

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionKernza intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grain and forage crop. Intercropping IWG with legumes may increase the forage yields and nutritive value but may compromise Kernza grain yields. The interaction between IWG and legumes depends on planting season, row spacing, and legume species. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of those management practices on Kernza grain yield, summer and fall forage yield and nutritive value, weed biomass and, the profitability of the cropping system in Wisconsin, USA.MethodsIn the spring and fall of 2017, we planted eight cropping systems at 38 and 57 cm of row spacing: four IWG monocultures [control without N fertilization or weed removal (IWG), hand weed removal (hand weeded), IWG fertilized with urea at rates of 45 or 90 kg ha−1], and four IWG-legume intercrops (IWG with alfalfa, Berseem clover, Kura clover, or red clover).Results and discussionMost of the intercropping systems were similar to IWG monoculture in grain (ranging from 652 to 1,160 kg ha−1) and forage yield (ranging from 2,740 to 5,190 kg ha−1) and improved the forage quality. However, for spring planted IWG, intercropped with red clover or alfalfa, the grain and forage yields were lower than the IWG monoculture (~80 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively). The best performing intercrops in the first year were Kura clover in the spring planting (652 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 4,920 kg IWG forage ha−1 and 825 kg legume forage ha−1) and red clover in the fall planting (857 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 3,800 kg IWG forage ha−1, and 450 kg legume forage ha−1). In the second year, grain yield decreased 84% on average. Overall, the profitability of the IWG legume intercropping was high, encouraging the adoption of dual-purpose perennial crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Pinto

Cartoni-Casamitjana

Cureton

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…The percentage of nitrogen derived from N 2 -fixation (%NDFA) was determined based on the natural abundance method according to the following equation [35]. This method is widely used in intercropping systems to estimate N 2 -fixation [8,[36][37][38]. Cassava was used as a reference plant.…”

Section: Calculation 241 Estimation Of Nitrogen Fixation In Centrosemamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in tropical climates, N can be the most limiting factor for crop production [7]. Intercropping legumes with other plant Land 2023, 12, 1107 2 of 17 species has been widely adopted in agricultural production systems for ecological and agronomic reasons [8,9]. At this study site, local farmers grow legumes such as centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) as intercrops with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Centrosema and other legume species have adapted to poor soil conditions and serve as an alternative N source for non-leguminous crops [11,12]. Leguminous species, in particular, are highly valued in these low-input systems because they contribute significantly to the N budget via N 2 -fixation and, as a result, can reduce chemical N fertilizer application [5,8,13]. Furthermore, legumes serve as cover crops (CCs), reducing erosion and nitrate leaching while also retaining N in the system [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Tin-Mining Agricultural Soil Regeneration Using Local Organic Amendments Improve Nitrogen Fixation and Uptake in a Legume–Cassava Intercropping System

Maftukhah

Keiblinger

Ngadisih

et al. 2023

Land

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The low nitrogen content of Bangka Island’s post-tin-mining soil may limit its suitability for agricultural production. In this study, we investigated the effect of locally available organic soil amendments on nitrogen fixation (N2–fixation) and crop nitrogen (N) uptake in a cassava–legume intercrop system. Cassava was intercropped with centrosema in post-tin-mining soils with six treatments, including a control and different soil amendments, such as dolomite, compost, charcoal, a combined treatment of charcoal and compost, and a combined treatment of compost and sawdust. The percentages of N derived from N2-fixation (%Ndfa) with the different seasons and treatments were comparable. Nonetheless, due to the higher shoot biomass accumulation, the mass of N2–fixation in soil amended with compost and when combined with charcoal was significantly higher than the control (50 to 73 kg ha−1). Treatments with compost and its combination with charcoal exhibited higher N uptake from the cassava–centrosema intercropped system (82 and 137 kg ha−1) and higher inorganic ammonium (NH4+) concentrations in the soil at harvest time (5.5 and 6.7 µg g−1). When combined with organic soil amendments, N2–fixation from centrosema produces not only higher biomass, but also higher N contribution to the system. Overall, locally available organic amendments, particularly the combined application of charcoal and compost, showed promise for improving N2–fixation of intercrop centrosema as well as for increasing N availability in the soil, which is of critical importance for crop growth in post-mining soils that have lost fertility.

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“…Despite the weed suppression potential of these three practices, there is often no grain yield benefit from legume intercropping (Dick et al., 2018; Favre et al., 2019; Law et al., 2022; Reilly et al., 2022), cultivation (Pinto et al., 2021), or defoliation (Newell & Hayes, 2017; Pugliese, 2017; Zimbric et al., 2020) in establishment‐year IWG. Legume intercrops can compete with establishing IWG and reduce its yield (Crews et al., 2022; Li et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of multi‐tactic weed management on weed suppression and yield in the establishment year of intermediate wheatgrass

Menalled,

Pelzer,

DiTommaso

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey] (IWG) is a new perennial grain crop that can be harvested for multiple years. However, IWG grows slower than annual grain crops and is relatively uncompetitive with weeds during its establishment. Using multiple weed management tactics is a foundational principle of ecological weed management that can lead to synergistic interactions between tactics. Red clover intercropping, cultivation, and mowing—applied in isolation and all possible combinations—were assessed in a field experiment conducted at two sites in the northeastern United States. No single tactic or combination of tactics suppressed weeds relative to an untreated control. Likewise, there were no synergistic interactions between weed management tactics, indicating that the multi‐tactic treatments did not reduce weed biomass more than expected from the performance of each single‐tactic treatment in isolation. The lack of weed suppression across treatments likely contributed to their null to negative effect on IWG yield. Additionally, the competition from intercropping and the crop damage from cultivation and mowing may have reduced weed suppression and yield benefits. Although more research is needed to improve weed management in establishment year IWG, the experimental and analytical approach used here provides a framework that can be applied in other systems for evaluating the effects of multi‐tactic weed management and testing for synergistic interactions.

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Nitrogen transfer and yield effects of legumes intercropped with the perennial grain crop intermediate wheatgrass

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Post-Tin-Mining Agricultural Soil Regeneration Using Local Organic Amendments Improve Nitrogen Fixation and Uptake in a Legume–Cassava Intercropping System

Effect of multi‐tactic weed management on weed suppression and yield in the establishment year of intermediate wheatgrass

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