Nitrogen Reserves, Spring Regrowth and Winter Survival of Field-grown Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Defoliated in the Autumn

Dhont, Catherine; Castonguay, Yves; Nadeau, Paul; Bélanger, Gilles; Drapeau, R.; Laberge, Serge; Avice, Jean‐Christophe; Chalifour, François-P.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcj006

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Dry conditions for the remainder of the 2003 growing season and into 2004 probably restricted regrowth on the twice clipped treatments. These may have restricted the accumulation of specific N reserves which are important for spring regrowth (Volenec et al 1996;Dhont et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Medicago sativa and M. falcata type alfalfas to different defoliation times and grass competition

Hendrickson¹,

Liebig²,

Berdahl³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Responses of Medicago sativa and M. falcata type alfalfas to different defoliation times and grass competition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 61Á69. Incorporating alfalfa into rangelands can enhance the quantity and quality of forage production. We evaluated the impact of clipping timing and selective clipping on two M. falcata (Anik and Yellowhead) and one M. sativa type alfalfas (Vernal) near Mandan, North Dakota, USA. Cultivars were space-planted into an existing mixed grass prairie and clipped at the mid-bud, flower or flower and subsequent vegetative stages. In each clipping treatment, half of the plots had only the alfalfa clipped and half had both the alfalfa and the associated native vegetation clipped. Plots without alfalfa were also included to evaluate the impact of alfalfa on grass and forb biomass. Including Yellowhead increased total productivity by 38 to 185% without lowering the productivity of the grass or forb biomass components. Plots with Yellowhead produced 17 to 26% more total biomass than the next highest entry every year. In 2003 and 2005, alfalfa biomass was increased 1.5 to 2.7 times by clipping only alfalfa in the flower and regrowth stages compared with a mid-bud clipping of only alfalfa. Vernal and Yellowhead generally produced more total biomass when clipping was deferred to the flower stage, but clipping Anik in the mid-bud stage produced as much or more total biomass than did the later clipping treatments. Selective clipping of the alfalfa did not have a consistent impact on yield. Yellowhead appeared to be a good choice for incorporating into rangelands. Producers with Yellowhead or Vernal should consider delaying defoliation until flowering to maximize productivity.Key words: Grazing-type alfalfa, hay-type alfalfa, defoliation timing, biomass productivity Hendrickson, J. R., Liebig, M. A. et Berdahl, J. D. 2008. Re´action des luzernes de type Medicago sativa et M. falcata al 'application de de´foliant a`diffe´rents moments et a`la concurrence des gramine´es. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 61Á69. Inte´grer la luzerne aux grands parcours pourrait ame´liorer la production et la qualite´des fourrages. Les auteurs ont e´value´l'incidence du moment de la coupe et d'une coupe se´lective sur deux varie´te´s de luzerne M. falcata (Anik et Yellowhead) et une de M. sativa (Vernal) pre`s de Mandan, dans le Dakota Nord, aux É tats-Unis. Les cultivars ont e´te´seme´s avec intervalle dans une prairie mixte puis re´colte´s à divers stades ve´ge´tatifs (milieu du bourgeonnement, floraison, floraison et stades ulte´rieurs). Apre`s chaque traitement, les auteurs ont re´colte´uniquement la luzerne sur la moitie´des parcelles et sur l'autre moitie´, la luzerne ainsi que la ve´ge´tation indige`ne. Ils ont inclus les parcelles sans luzerne afin d'e´valuer l'impact de cette dernie`re sur la biomasse des gramine´es et des dicotyle´dones. L'inclusion du cultivar Yellowhead accroıˆt la productivitet otale de 38 a`185 % sans pour autant re´duire le rendement des gramine´es et des dicotyle´dones au niveau de la biomasse. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Medicago sativa and M. falcata type alfalfas to different defoliation times and grass competition

Hendrickson¹,

Liebig²,

Berdahl³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Early fall frosts as well as late fall growth can result in freezing damage to non-senescent green fern, inhibiting the translocation of carbohydrates and nitrogen to the crown, and decreasing yields in subsequent years (Bai and Kelly 1999). Timely fall acclimation and senescence has been associated with improved freezing tolerance not only in asparagus (Bai and Kelly 1999;Kim and Wolyn 2015;Landry and Wolyn 2011), but also other overwintering crops such as turf grass and alfalfa (Dhont et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asparagus cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario differ for induction of freezing tolerance in the fall

Panjtandoust

Wolyn

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars differ for adaptation in southern Ontario, and delayed or decreased acquisition of freezing tolerance in the fall could explain, in part, the diminished longevity observed in some germplasm. A field study was conducted to determine the relationship between LT 50 , the lethal temperature at which 50% of plants die, and physiological parameters related to freezing tolerance, in three cultivars with varying adaptation in southern Ontario: Guelph Millennium (GM) > Jersey Giant (JG) > UC 157 (UC). The experiment was replicated at two sites in one location, in each of two years. LT 50 values for GM were lower (increased freezing tolerance) than those for UC in early October; levels for JG were intermediate. In late-October and early-November, the cultivars did not differ. Increased freezing tolerance was associated with high low-molecular-weight fructan (LF), protein and proline concentrations and low sucrose concentration in the rhizome, and high sucrose and proline concentrations and low LF concentration in the storage roots. Acclimation traits were generally consistent over years and deviations may have been related to differing temperature profiles. Results indicate that winter survival of asparagus is in part determined by timely fall acclimation allowing plants to survive exposure to early frosts.

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“…Some Arabidopsis vegetative storage proteins are anti-insect acid phosphatases (12). PSVs are found in roots, tubers, bark parenchyma, and paraveinal parenchyma (13)(14)(15) and are probably in the perennial root systems of plants whose shoots die in winter (e.g., perennial grasses) (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Accumulation of proteins into PSVs and later degradation for renewed growth is important physiologically for many plant cells and organs.…”

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confidence: 99%

The shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 is involved in flower development and trafficking to the protein storage vacuole

Sohn

Rojas-Pierce

Pan

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plants are unique in their ability to store proteins in specialized protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) within seeds and vegetative tissues. Although plants use PSV proteins during germination, before photosynthesis is fully functional, the roles of PSVs in adult vegetative tissues are not understood. Trafficking pathways to PSVs and lytic vacuoles appear to be distinct. Lytic vacuoles are analogous evolutionarily to yeast and mammalian lysosomes. However, it is unclear whether trafficking to PSVs has any analogy to pathways in yeast or mammals, nor is PSV ultrastructure known in Arabidopsis vegetative tissue. Therefore, alternative approaches are required to identify components of this pathway. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that disrupts PSV trafficking identified TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), a shoot meristem identity gene. The tfl1-19/mtv5 (for ''modified traffic to the vacuole'') mutant is specifically defective in trafficking of proteins to the PSV. TFL1 localizes to endomembrane compartments and colocalizes with the putative ␦-subunit of the AP-3 adapter complex. Our results suggest a developmental role for the PSV in vegetative tissues.protein trafficking ͉ vegetative tissue ͉ adaptin

show abstract

Nitrogen Reserves, Spring Regrowth and Winter Survival of Field-grown Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Defoliated in the Autumn

Abstract: An untimely autumn defoliation of alfalfa reduces root accumulation of specific N reserves such as proline, arginine, histidine and vegetative storage proteins that are positively related to the vigour of spring regrowth but poorly related to winter survival.

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Responses of Medicago sativa and M. falcata type alfalfas to different defoliation times and grass competition

Responses of Medicago sativa and M. falcata type alfalfas to different defoliation times and grass competition

Asparagus cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario differ for induction of freezing tolerance in the fall

The shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 is involved in flower development and trafficking to the protein storage vacuole

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