Nitrogen Pollution: An Assessment of Its Threat to Amphibian Survival

Rouse, Jeremy D.; Bishop, Christine A.; Struger, John

doi:10.2307/3454576

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Much higher nitrate concentrations (from 7.14 to 35.71 mM) have been found in aquatic ecosystems which were strongly contaminated by agricultural and urban activities (Rouse et al 1999;De Graaf 1964;Pierce et al 1993). According to the present study, these high nitrate concentrations could become an inhibitor of growth of phytoplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Although many studies have reported that nitrate could affect photosynthesis, growth and cellular toxicity of phytoplankton and metal toxicity to phytoplankton (Bates et al 1993;Rijstenbil et al 1998;Menéndez 2005), there are few reports on the accumulation of intracellular nitrite under high nitrate concentrations. We know that, once inside the alga, nitrate is converted to ammonium (reduced nitrogen) in two successive steps catalysed by nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) in the cytosol and chloroplast, respectively, before being incorporated into organic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nitrate occurs naturally from mineral sources and animal wastes, and anthropogenically as a byproduct of agriculture and human wastes (Madison and Burnett 1985). In many parts of the world, nitrate may build up and, as a result, aquatic nitrate concentrations range from normal background level of below 0.71 mM to over 7.14 mM (Rouse et al 1999), while in some marine aquaculture systems, nitrate concentrations can approach values of 35.71 mM (De Graaf 1964;Pierce et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrate on intracellular nitrite and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

2009

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Although nitrate is a macronutrient and can serve as good nitrogen source for many species of phytoplankton, high nitrate concentrations do not benefit the growth of phytoplankton. We hypothesise that algae cultured under high nitrate concentrations can accumulate intracellular nitrite, which is produced by nitrate reductase (NR) and can inhibit the growth of algae. To assess the validity of this hypothesis, Microcystis aeruginosa was grown under different nitrate concentrations from 3.57 to 21.43 mM in low CO 2 and high CO 2 conditions for 15 days. We observed that, with increasing nitrate concentrations, the intracellular nitrite concentrations of the alga increased and the growth rates and photosynthesis declined. When grown under high CO 2 conditions, M. aeruginosa showed lower intracellular nitrite concentrations and higher growth rates and P chla m , R chla d , α chla than under low CO 2 conditions. These results suggest that the accumulation of intracellular nitrite could be the cause of inhibition of algal growth under high nitrate concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrate on intracellular nitrite and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

2009

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“…Nitrogen pollution from anthropogenic sources enters aquatic systems via agricultural runoff or percolation associated with nitrogen fertilization, livestock, precipitation and effluents from industrial and human wastes (Rouse et al, 1999). There are well-documented effects on susceptibility of amphibian species to nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g.…”

Section: Nitrogen-based Fertilizer Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are well-documented effects on susceptibility of amphibian species to nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g. Hecnar, 1995;Marco et al, 1999;Rouse et al, 1999). For example, recent experimental studies demonstrated that in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizers, the larvae of some species reduce feeding activity, swim less vigorously, display disequilibrium, develop malformations of the body and die (e.g.…”

Section: Nitrogen-based Fertilizer Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines

Blaustein¹,

Romansic²,

Kiesecker³

et al. 2003

Diversity and Distributions

359

217

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Abstract. As part of an overall ‘biodiversity crisis’, many amphibian populations are in decline throughout the world. Numerous factors have contributed to these declines, including habitat destruction, pathogens, increasing ultraviolet (UV) radiation, introduced non‐native species and contaminants. In this paper we review the contribution of increasing UV radiation and environmental contamination to the global decline of amphibian populations. Both UV radiation and environmental contaminants can affect amphibians at all life stages. Exposure to UV radiation and to certain contaminants can kill amphibians and induce sublethal affects in embryos, larvae and adults. Moreover, UV radiation and contaminants may interact with one another synergistically. Synergistic interactions of UV radiation with contaminants can enhance the detrimental effects of the contaminant and UV radiation.

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Combining ex situ and in situ methods to improve water quality testing for the conservation of aquatic species

Pollard

Stockwell

Bower

et al. 2016

Aquatic Conservation

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1.Determining whether water quality is suitable is an important part of managing aquatic species for conservation, although it is often challenging to achieve. Past approaches have largely consisted of tests exposing individuals to artificial solutions, or field studies that examine the effect of a subset of water quality parameters on the distribution or abundance of a species.2. Owing to the complex nature of water chemistry in natural systems, which is difficult to replicate using laboratory studies or to capture entirely with correlational field studies, these types of study may not be suitable for determining accurately whether or not water quality at a particular site is suitable for a target species. In situations where conservation outcomes rely heavily on achieving this, an alternative approach is therefore needed.3. Embryos of the threatened green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea were placed in water collected from ponds that were used by this species for breeding and ponds where breeding was not detected at Sydney Olympic Park, Australia. After 19 days, the tadpoles were placed in enclosures in the same breeding and non-breeding ponds, and monitored until they metamorphosed.4. There was no difference in tadpole survival, time to metamorphosis or body condition between the two treatments, indicating that poor water quality was not a cause of low pond occupancy by tadpoles at the site and resources should be directed towards investigating other potential causes.5. We suggest that this method of an ex situ followed by an in situ exposure study is an effective approach to eliminating or confirming poor water quality as a cause of population declines and reduced occupancy, for species that are aquatic for at least part of their life cycle. Other applications include establishing that artificially created habitat provides suitable water chemistry, or identifying a potential location for a reintroduction project.

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Nitrogen Pollution: An Assessment of Its Threat to Amphibian Survival

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of nitrate on intracellular nitrite and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

Effects of nitrate on intracellular nitrite and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

Ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines

Combining ex situ and in situ methods to improve water quality testing for the conservation of aquatic species

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