Nitrogen metabolism during the oral andparenteral administration of the amino acids of hydrolyzed casein

Shohl, Alfred T.; Butler, Allan M.; Blackfan, Kenneth D.; MacLachlan, E. A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(39)80001-4

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A normal infant on a milk formula diet usually retains about 25 per cent of the nitrogen ingested, shows a total retention of about 0.5 to 1.5 grams per day, or 0.17 gram per kgm. of body weight This value, taken from our previous experience (1) agrees with the data in Czerny-Keller (5 The high retentions may be attributed in part to larger intakes and in part to the fact that the nitrogen which had undergone previous depletion was now being restored. The previous loss from the tissues may have been due in part to lack of ability to digest or absorb protein, as well as to the withholding of food.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…On the other hand, the controls were in negative nitrogen balance. T. S. and J. T., who received glucose-saline solution only, had losses of the same order of magnitude as those previously reported for infants who had received no nitrogen, but liberal carbohydrate intakes (1,3). R. F. and J. W., who were given milk formulas, also were in negative nitrogen balance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…We also used, for oral administration, a prepared food containing casein hydrolysate,8 which we had used in previous studies (1), and which had been found to be adequate to meet nutritional needs of infants for protracted periods (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another source of nitrogen is now available for intravenous use,-protein hydrolysate. Such a preparation has already been shown to be an adequate source of nitrogen for the nutrition of infants who are not ill, whether given orally or intravenously (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nitrogen Storage Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Casein Hydrolysate to Infants With Acute Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance 1

Shohl¹

1943

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nitrogen Storage Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Casein Hydrolysate to Infants With Acute Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance 1

Shohl¹

1943

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Casein digests (Table 9) are of immediate interest because various digests have been tested clinically (1,3,4,15). Reports on the utilization of these digests in plasma-depleted non-anemic dogs have been published from this laboratory (10).…”

Section: Clinical Experimental History--mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein

Robscheit‐Robbins

Miller

Whipple

1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given healthy dogs, fed abundant iron and protein-free or low protein diets, with sustained anemia due to bleeding, we can study the capacity of these animals to produce simultaneously new hemoglobin and plasma protein. The reserve stores of blood protein producing materials in this way are very largely depleted, and levels of 6 to 8 gm. per cent for hemoglobin and 4 to 5 gm. per cent for plasma protein can be maintained for considerable periods of time. These dogs are very susceptible to infection and to injury by many poisons. Under such conditions, these anemic and hypoproteinemic dogs will use very efficiently a variety of digests (serum, hemoglobin, and casein) and the growth mixture (Rose) of pure amino acids. Nitrogen balance is maintained and considerable new blood proteins are produced. Dog plasma by vein is used freely in these doubly depleted dogs to make new hemoglobin in abundance (Table 1). Serum digests by vein are well utilized to make new hemoglobin and plasma protein in the same dogs (Table 1). Serum digests by mouth are effectively used to make new blood proteins (Table 5). Dog or sheep hemoglobin given in large amounts intraperitoneally are remarkably well utilized to form hemoglobin and plasma protein (Table 6). It must be obvious that the globin of the hemoglobin is saved in these protein-depleted dogs and used to make large amounts of hemoglobin and plasma protein. Hemoglobin digests are also well utilized whether given by mouth (Table 7) or by vein (Table 8) and liberal amounts of plasma protein are manufactured from digests presumably ideally suited for hemoglobin production. Casein digests are well used (Table 8) and form as much new plasma protein as any material tested—even serum digests. Amino acid mixtures are of especial interest. The growth mixture of 10 amino acids (Rose) is well utilized by mouth or by vein and favors new hemoglobin production more than any material tested (Table 2). Cystine replacing methionine in the amino acid mixture increases the plasma protein—hemoglobin output ratio, that is it favors plasma protein production. Digests of various sorts and amino acid mixtures or combinations of digests and amino acid mixtures can be used rapidly and effectively to build new hemoglobin or plasma protein, to maintain nitrogen equilibrium, and to replete reserve protein stores. These experiments point to clinical problems. The unexplained preference given to hemoglobin production in these hypoproteinemic dogs is observed under all conditions, even when whole plasma or serum digests are given by vein. In general, 2 to 4 gm. of hemoglobin are formed for every gram of plasma protein. This all adds up to a remarkable fluidity in the use of plasma protein or hemoglobin which can contribute directly to the body protein pool from which are evolved, without waste of nitrogen, the needed proteins, whether hemoglobin, plasma protein, or tissue proteins.

show abstract

Nitrogen Equilibrium and Regeneration of Serum Protein

Messinger¹

1943

Arch Intern Med (Chic)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen metabolism during the oral andparenteral administration of the amino acids of hydrolyzed casein

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Nitrogen Storage Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Casein Hydrolysate to Infants With Acute Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance 1

Nitrogen Storage Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Casein Hydrolysate to Infants With Acute Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance 1

Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein

Nitrogen Equilibrium and Regeneration of Serum Protein

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About