Nitrogen loss by surface runoff from different cropping systems

Abstract

Reducing nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural soils as surface runoff is essential to prevent surface water contamination. The objective of 3-year study, 2007–09, was to evaluate surface runoff and N loss from different cropping systems. There were four treatments, including one single-crop cropping system with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by summer fallow (wheat/fallow), and three double-cropping systems: winter wheat/corn (Zea mays L.), wheat/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). The wheat/fallow received no fertiliser in the summer fallow period. The four cropping systems were randomly assigned to 12 plots of 5 m by 2 m on a silty clay soil. Lower runoff was found in the three double-cropping systems than the wheat/fallow, with the lowest runoff from the wheat/soybean. The three double-cropping systems also substantially reduced losses of ammonium-N (NH4+-N), nitrate-N (NO3–-N), dissolved N (DN), and total N (TN) compared with the wheat/fallow. Among the three double-cropping systems, the highest losses of NO3–-N, DN, and TN were from the wheat/cotton, and the lowest losses were from the wheat/soybean. However, the wheat/soybean increased NO3–-N and DN concentrations compared with wheat/fallow. The losses in peak events accounted for >64% for NH4+-N, 58% for NO3–-N, and 41% for DN of the total losses occurring during the 3-year experimental period, suggesting that peak N-loss events should be focussed on for the control of N loss as surface runoff from agricultural fields.

Surface Irrigation in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: Trends and Innovations

“…In addition, rice and maize are produced using relatively high levels of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides (NASS, 2013a(NASS, , 2015. Excessive irrigation has potential to convey contaminants into waterbodies via surface runoff and/or deep-percolation losses (Aryal and Reba, 2017;Baker et al, 2018;Jiao et al, 2012;King et al, 2018). Hence, improvements in IWM are expected to help reduce nonpoint-source pollution as well as improve farm productivity.…”

Groundcover influence on physical and chemical soil properties, runoff and nutrient loss and grape yield and quality in semiarid Mediterranean vineyards

“…Jiao et al (2012) produced a similar finding, but our results disagree with Zhang et al (2010), who did not found significant differences in mineral nitrogen losses between bare soil and two levels of covered soil. As expected, T was the treatment with the higher nitrate loss, since it was the soil management with significantly higher NO 3 soil.…”

“…GC acted as catch crops in arable cover crops and caught the soil nitrate creating organic biomass (Gabriel and Quemada, 2011;Gabriel et al, 2013;Gabriel et al, 2012). Consequently, T induced higher runoff rates, and runoff mineral nitrogen concentration was higher (Jiao et al, 2012). These concentrations were especially higher during the first minutes of the experiments, which encourage the need of increase infiltration rates and avoid runoff events.…”

Formulasi dan Pola Kelarutan N Pupuk Urea-Zeolit Lepas Lambat

“…Pupuk slow release adalah salah satu alternatif teknologi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan. Unsur N dapat hilang melalui volatilisasi ammonia, proses nitrifikasi, denitrifikasi mikrobial, pencucian dan hilang melalui runoff (Chichester et al 1992;Choudhury et al 2005;Jiao et al 2012;Fang et al 2015). Terdapat bermacam jenis pupuk slow release yang sudah di produksi dan tersedia di pasar yaitu Urea granul, Urea tablet, Urea coated silika, Urea coated sulfur (Peoples et al 1995;Shoji et al 1995;Shaviv 2000).…”