Nitrogen gas (N2+N2O) flux from urea applied to lowland rice as affected by green manure

John, P. S.; Buresh, R. J.; Prasad, Rajendra; Pandey, Rakesh

doi:10.1007/bf02370264

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Others (Letey et al 1980;Buresh and Austin 1988;John et al 1989;Samson et al 1990;Buresh and DeDatta 1990) have also reported that 15N loss determined by gaseous emissions was less than 15N loss by mass balance. This has been attributed to the effect of the soil cover in reducing the gas concentration gradient between the soil atmosphere and the head space beneath the cover.…”

Section: Comparison Of 15n Loss By Mass Balance and Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .2. Effects of temperature and added straw

Avalakki¹,

Strong²,

Saffigna³

1995

Soil Res.

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Gas emissions of applied 1 5~ were measured beneath a soil cover daily following saturation of Vertisol and Alfisol soils repacked in pots to the original field bulk density and held at three temperatures (5, 15 or 30°C) with or without addition of wheat straw. Collective gas emissions over 57, 43 and 15 days at 5, 15 and 30°C respectively were compared with the 1 5~ loss determined by mass balance.Loss measured by gas emissions (15N2 and 15Nz0) ranged from 36% to 152% of the denitrification loss as determined by 1 5~ mass balance. In the absence of added straw, measurement by gas emissions was consistently less than loss by 15N balance. Where straw was added, 15N loss by gas emissions was overestimated, probably because of a smaller headspace (0.3 L) than considered desirable (1-1.5 L) for emission measurements.Potential denitrification rates, in the presence of added straw, were similar for the Vertisol and Alfisol. Decreasing temperature slowed potential rates of denitrification from -2.5 kg ha-' day-' at 30°C to 0 . 8 kg ha-' day-' at 15'C and 0.4-0.5 kg ha-' day-' at 5OC. Decreasing temperature prolonged the period of waterlogging following a saturating event. Thus, collective loss of 15N was considerable even at the lower rates of denitrification at 5OC (52-76% over 57 days) or 15OC (87-92% over 43 days).Straw addition (10.5 t ha-') to the Vertisol, which contained no visible plant residues from previous crops, more than doubled the losses of applied 15N. In the absence of straw, rates of denitrification and immobilization were similar in magnitude, 0.97, 0.26 and 0.16 kg ha-' day-' for 30, 15 and 5OC respectively. Very rapid loss of applied 1 5~ in the presence of added straw led to decreases in immobilization of applied 15N, highlighting the potential effects of the much higher maximum rates for denitrification than for immobilization.The N20 emissions generally represented the smaller fraction (<25%) of denitrification emissions, becoming smaller as temperature was increased. As a proportion of emissions due to denitrification, N2O emissions were very low (<0.5% Vertisol, <3% Alfisol) in the presence of added straw.

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Section: Comparison Of 15n Loss By Mass Balance and Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .2. Effects of temperature and added straw

Avalakki¹,

Strong²,

Saffigna³

1995

Soil Res.

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“…These studies typically used urea because of its global importance as an N source for rice. Directly measured evolution of N 2 and N 2 O to the atmosphere represented ≤2% of the urea N applied to continuously saturated or submerged soils in a series of studies in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand (Buresh and Austin, 1988;John et al, 1989;De Datt a et al, 1991). Total N loss as determined from unaccounted for N in 15 N balances in these studies represented 10 to 56% of the applied urea N. Metal borders surrounding the plots for 15 N balances prevented N loss by runoff , and leaching was negligible on these puddled soils.…”

Section: Nitrifi Cation-denitrifi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Buresh

Reddy

Kessel

2015

Agronomy Monographs

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Soils with continuous or intermitt ent submergence by water are widely distributed worldwide. They occur in a range of ecosystems including rice (Oryza sativa L.) fi elds, wetlands, estuaries, and fl oodplains. Such ecosystems oft en occur at low elevation in the landscape and are poorly drained with high retention of water. In addition, some upland areas with poor drainage can undergo periodic submergence and soil saturation. Moreover, the sediments in ocean, lake, and stream bottoms have similar biogeochemical and physical characteristics and N transformations as submerged agricultural soils.Rice fi elds surrounded by earthen levees to retain rain and irrigation water and ensure soil submergence are one of the world's major agricultural ecosystems. Rice is a staple food for nearly half the world's population, and about 95% of the global rice production occurs on fi elds with soil submerged during at least part of the rice-cropping period. The sustained productivity of this rice ecosystem, which ensures production of suffi cient food for a growing world population, relies heavily on the input and management of N.Nitrogen transformations in submerged soils are markedly diff erent from those in drained, aerated soils. These diff erences aff ect the prevalent soil microorganisms and microbial activities and the turnover, availabilility, and losses of N. To deal with the diff erences in N transformations between submerged and drained soils it is necessary to understand the biogeochemical conditions existing in submerged soils. This chapter is an update of an earlier review by Patrick (1982).

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“…This is expected since both nitrite and nitrate-N are lost by denitrification under such conditions (Prasad and Rajale, 1972;John et al, 1989). Application of wheat straw at 15 or 30t ha~1 resulted in immobilization of native soil-N, since the ammonium-N content in these treatments was lesser than control.…”

Section: Submerged Soil Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Temporal variation in mineral nitrogen in soil as influenced by incorporation of legume or cereal residues under submergence or well drained conditions

Prasad

Singh

2001

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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A laboratory study was conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi on a sandy clay loam soil of pH 7.9 and organic C content of 0.34% to study the effect of incorporating Sesbania or Vigna legume residues or wheat straw at 15 and 30t ha -1 on temporal variation in ammoniacal and nitrate-N in soil under submergence and well drained conditions. Under submergence most mineral N was present as ammoniacal-N, while under well drained conditions it was present as Nitrate-N. The content of ammoniacal N in soil was the highest after 30 days of incubation and declined thereafter under submergence. On the other hand under well drained conditions the mineral-N (mostly nitrate) content in soil at 30 DAI was very little and showed increases only later, reaching the highest level at 90 DAI. Application of wheat straw specially at 301 ha -1 level resulted in immobilization of native soil-N. These results show that rice which is grown under submergence can be transplanted soon after incorporation of legume residues, but for wheat or other crops which are grown under well drained condition a time interval of 30 days or more needs to be provided before sowing the crop.

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Nitrogen gas (N2+N2O) flux from urea applied to lowland rice as affected by green manure

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .2. Effects of temperature and added straw

Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .2. Effects of temperature and added straw

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Temporal variation in mineral nitrogen in soil as influenced by incorporation of legume or cereal residues under submergence or well drained conditions

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