Nitrogen Excess in North American Ecosystems: Predisposing Factors, Ecosystem Responses, and Management Strategies

Fenn, Mark E.; Poth, Merrily; Aber, John D.; Bormann, Bernard T.; Johnson, Dale W.; Lemly, A. Dennis; McNulty, Steven G.; Ryan, Douglas F.; Stottlemyer, Robert

doi:10.2307/2641261

Cited by 328 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 199 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

492

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3). The N leaching fluxes from our study forests were within the ranges reported for N saturated forests in North America (0.04-38.9 kg N ha −1 year −1 , Fenn et al, 1998) and for 11 sites in Europe receiving N input of greater than 25 kg N ha −1 year −1 (10-35 kg N ha −1 year −1 , Dise and Wright, 1995). Thus, both disturbed and mature forests have already been in the relatively high N state and can be characterized as N saturated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A great number of studies on N deposition have been carried out in Europe and North America, where industrial development occur earliest (Matson et al, 1999;Galloway et al, 2003). Results have shown that in predominately N-limited temperate forests in these regions, the experimental and atmospheric N inputs had dramatically altered ecosystem processes and properties, including forest productivity, soil fertility, species composition, litter decomposition, and N loss from soils to groundwater and atmosphere Kahl et al, 1993;Magill et al, 1996Magill et al, , 2000Magill et al, , 2004Emmett et al, 1998;Fenn et al, 1998;Gundersen, 1998;Gundersen et al, 1998Gundersen et al, , 2006Hall and Matson, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Response of Nitrogen Leaching to Nitrogen Deposition in Disturbed and Mature Forests of Southern China

Fang

Yoh

et al. 2009

Pedosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Nitrogen Leaching to Nitrogen Deposition in Disturbed and Mature Forests of Southern China

Fang

Yoh

et al. 2009

Pedosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…By contrast, because of greater N availability and mobility and lower spatial heterogeneity due to additions of N, WS3 should display low resistance to such disturbances (sensu Vitousek et al 1982). Fenn et al (1998) discussed several challenges presented by N saturation for forests of North America, including the sustainable management of N-saturated forests. McLaughlin and Wimmer (1999) further emphasized the seriousness of N saturation in the context of its effects on Ca fertility in forest soils.…”

Section: Conclusion: Implications For Sustainable Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil cation depletion, reported for several forest sites in the eastern United States (Lawrence et al 1995;Likens et al 1996), represents a challenge to sustainable management of N-saturated forests (Fenn et al 1998;Gilliam and Adams 1999;Adams 1999;McLaughlin and Wimmer 1999). Declines in productivity have been documented at several N-saturated sites (Eagar and Adams 1992;Aber et al 1995;McNulty et al 1996;Magill et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen transformations in nitrogen-saturated soils of a central Appalachian hardwood forest

Gilliam¹,

Yurish²,

Adams³

2001

Can. J. For. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We studied temporal and spatial patterns of soil nitrogen (N) dynamics from 1993 to 1995 in three watersheds of Fernow Experimental Forest, W.V.: WS7 (24-year-old, untreated); WS4 (mature, untreated); and WS3 (24-year-old, treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 since 1989 at the rate of 35 kg N·ha -1 ·year -1 ). Net nitrification was 141, 114, and 115 kg N·ha -1 ·year -1 , for WS3, WS4, and WS7, respectively, essentially 100% of net N mineralization for all watersheds. Temporal (seasonal) patterns of nitrification were significantly related to soil moisture and ambient temperature in untreated watersheds only. Spatial patterns of soil water NO 3 -of WS4 suggest that microenvironmental variability limits rates of N processing in some areas of this N-saturated watershed, in part by ericaceous species in the herbaceous layer. Spatial patterns of soil water NO 3 -in treated WS3 suggest that later stages of N saturation may result in higher concentrations with less spatial variability. Spatial variability in soil N variables was lower in treated WS3 versus untreated watersheds. Nitrogen additions have altered the response of N-processing microbes to environmental factors, becoming less sensitive to seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature. Biotic processes responsible for regulating N dynamics may be compromised in N-saturated forest ecosystems.Résumé : Nous avons étudié les patrons temporels et spatiaux de la dynamique de l'azote (N) du sol, de 1993 à 1995, dans trois bassins versants de la forêt expérimentale de Fernow : WS7 (âgé de 24 ans et non traité); WS4 (mature et non traité); WS3 (âgé de 24 ans et traité avec (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 depuis 1989 au taux de 35 kg N·ha -1 ·an -1 ). La nitrification nette était respectivement de 141, 114 et 115 kg N·ha -1 ·an -1 pour WS3, WS4 et WS7, soit essentiellement 100% de la minéralisation nette pour tous les bassins versants. Les patrons temporels (saisonniers) de nitrification étaient significativement reliés à l'humidité du sol et à la température ambiante seulement dans les bassins versants non traités. Les patrons spatiaux de NO 3 -de la solution de sol du WS4 indiquent que la variabilité micro-environnementale limite le taux de recyclage de N dans certaines aires de ce bassin versant saturé en N, en partie à cause des espèces d'éricacées pré-sentes dans la strate herbacée. Les patrons spatiaux de NO 3 -de la solution du sol dans le WS3 traité indiquent que des stades plus avancés de saturation de N peuvent se traduire par de plus fortes concentrations avec moins de variabilité spatiale. La variabilité spatiale des variables de N du sol était plus faible dans le WS3 comparativement aux bassins versants non traités. Les ajouts de N ont altéré la réponse des microorganismes associés au cycle de N vis-à-vis les facteurs environnementaux en les rendant moins sensibles aux changements saisonniers d'humidité et de température du sol. Les processus biotiques responsables de la régulation de la dynamique de N peuvent être compromis dans les éco-systèmes forestiers saturés en N...

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, it is common practice that, through fertilisation, the amount of nutrients available in the soil exceeds the actual requirements of the crop (Tilman 1999) which leads to over-fertilisation , Tivy 1987. The consequence of a persistent surplus of nutrients results in degradation of the environment (Chapin et al 2002, Fenn et al 1998). More precisely, the excess of nutrients on agricultural land leads to increasing nutrient losses from the soil and consequently enrichment of nutrients in groundwater, lakes, rivers and eventually the ocean (Chapin et al 2002, Vitousek et al 1997, Tivy 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of nutrient regulating ecosystem service supply and demand on different scales in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Bicking¹,

Burkhard²,

Kruse³

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study deals with one of the regulating ecosystem services, nutrient regulation. In order to guarantee sustainable land management, it is of great relevance to gain spatial information on this ecosystem service. Unsustainable land management with regard to nutrient regulation may, for example, result in eutrophication which has been identified as a major threat for the environmental state of our water bodies. In the first step of research, the potential supplies and demands of/for nutrient regulation were assessed and mapped at two different spatial scales: The German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (regional scale) and the Bornhöved Lakes District (local scale). The assessment was undertaken for nitrogen, as an exemplary nutrient. Subsequently, potential supply and demand, combined with the nitrate leaching potential and the groundwater nitrate concentration, were incorporated into a correlation analysis. The data was statistically analysed with varying pre-processing and spatial resolutions. The statistical analysis reveals that large scale data with low resolution leads to more uncertain results. Decreasing the spatial scale and increasing the resolution of the data through a spatially more explicit assessment, leads to more explicit results. It is striking that the study reveals a spatial mismatch between the potential supply and demand for the ecosystem service nutrient regulation, which denotes unsustainable land management in the study areas.

show abstract

Nitrogen Excess in North American Ecosystems: Predisposing Factors, Ecosystem Responses, and Management Strategies

Cited by 328 publications

References 199 publications

Response of Nitrogen Leaching to Nitrogen Deposition in Disturbed and Mature Forests of Southern China

Response of Nitrogen Leaching to Nitrogen Deposition in Disturbed and Mature Forests of Southern China

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen transformations in nitrogen-saturated soils of a central Appalachian hardwood forest

Mapping of nutrient regulating ecosystem service supply and demand on different scales in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About