Nitrogen‐doped porous biomass carbon with ultrastable performance as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries

Abstract

The potential safety hazards and limited lithium resources of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have restricted their practical application. Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are a novel energy storage technology with great cost advantages and are a promising alternative to LIBs. However, because of the large ionic radius of K+, the common anode materials used in LIBs exhibit a large volumetric expansion and structural collapse in the process of charging and discharging in a KIB. In this work, the prepared nitrogen‐doped porous carbon fibers (P‐CFs) from bombyx mori silk cocoons via a simple KCl activation and high‐temperature carbonization method. The P‐CFs possess a large specific surface area and one‐dimensional porous structure, offering facile storage and fast transport channels for K+ ions. When used as an anode for KIBs, the P‐CFs exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 275 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1 after 500 cycles and even retain a capacity of 100 mAh·g−1 after 5000 cycles at 2 A·g−1. This study demonstrates a simple strategy for the low‐cost synthesis of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon fibers from an environmental friendly biomaterial, with excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for KIBs.

Biomass‐Derived Carbon for High‐Performance Batteries: From Structure to Properties

“…[151,152] M a X b materials provide the required "vacancies" for the insertion of Li + in the process of discharging. [153] The valence of a certain element in M a X b can be changed due to the Li + insertion and extraction process, while the structural [48,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84] The performance improvement diagrams of BDC-based materials in b) LIBs, [79,80,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] c) SIBs, [8,81,[96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] and d) KIBs [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113] in recent years. e) Comparison of LIBs, SIBs, and KIBs.…”

“…[48,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84] Many studies have been reported by using BDC as an important part of batteries. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] To better understand the research progress of BDC, we summarized the performance improvement diagrams of BDC-based materials in LIBs (Figure 1b), [79,80,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] SIBs (Figure 1c) [8,81,[96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] and KIBs (Figure 1d) [104][105][106][107][108]…”

“…[ 48,78–84 ] Many studies have been reported by using BDC as an important part of batteries. [ 50–60 ] To better understand the research progress of BDC, we summarized the performance improvement diagrams of BDC‐based materials in LIBs (Figure 1b), [ 79,80,85–95 ] SIBs (Figure 1c) [ 8,81,96–103 ] and KIBs (Figure 1d) [ 104–113 ] in recent years. BDC has shown continuous research hot in the field of LIBs, and the performance of LIBs was also making breakthroughs.…”

“…a) The timeline for the development of BDC for high‐performance batteries. [ 48,78–84 ] The performance improvement diagrams of BDC‐based materials in b) LIBs, [ 79,80,85–95 ] c) SIBs, [ 8,81,96–103 ] and d) KIBs [ 104–113 ] in recent years. e) Comparison of LIBs, SIBs, and KIBs.…”

“…a) The timeline for the development of BDC for high-performance batteries [48,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. The performance improvement diagrams of BDC-based materials in b) LIBs,[79,80,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] c) SIBs,[8,81,[96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] and d) KIBs[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113] in recent years. e) Comparison of LIBs, SIBs, and KIBs.…”