This work demonstrated a straightforward strategy to
fabricate
ultralong interconnected polypyrrole (PPy-GS) nanowires with a gemini
surfactant (GS) as a soft template and dopant. Pure PPy particles
and a PPy nanowire doped with CTAB (PPy-CTAB) were prepared for comparison.
The results showed that the electrochemical performances, conductivity,
and morphology of PPy-GS could be significantly changed by changing
the concentration of GS in the aqueous phase owing to the different
self-assembly behaviors. When the molar ratio of pyrrole, APS, and
GS was 1:1:0.4, an interconnected ultralong and uniform PPy-GS nanowire
with the largest surface area, the smallest average pore size, the
lowest contact angle, and the highest conductivity can be obtained,
resulting in the formation of effective electrolyte transport channels
and faster electron transport pathways. Compared with pure PPy particles
and the PPy-CTAB nanowire, the incorporation of GS significantly enhanced
the conductivity and specific capacitance of PPy-GS-40%. The conductivity
of PPy-GS-40% was up to 13.54 S/cm compared with 1.17 S/cm for PPy
particles and 3.84 S/cm for the PPy-CTAB nanowire. Also, the highest
specific capacitance of PPy-GS reached up to 556 F/g at 1 A/g compared
with 233 F/g for PPy particles and 397 F/g for the PPy-CTAB nanowire.
A total of 85.4% of the initial capacitance was retained even after
2000 cycles at 1.0 A/g. The energy density and power density of the
PPy-GS-40% symmetrical supercapacitor were 49.4 Wh/kg and 400 W/kg,
respectively. The good electrochemical properties of the PPy-GS electrode
suggest a tremendous potential in the high-performance electrode not
only for supercapacitors but extensively for various energy storage
applications.