Nitrogen dilution effect on the flammability limits for hydrocarbons

Flammability limits: A review with emphasis on ethanol for aeronautical applications and description of the experimental procedure

“…[18] predicted the upper/lower flammability limits of hydrocarbons diluted with inert nitrogen gas. These authors reported that there are linear relations between the reciprocal of the upper/lower flammability limits and the reciprocal of the molar fraction of hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon/inert nitrogen mixture.…”

“…· 0.033 = 0.006784 (18) Since the molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol, the mass of ethanol to form a flammable mixture with air at the LFL will be 0.006784 × 46.07 = 0.32 g (=0.40 mL).…”

Flame temperature theory-based model for evaluation of the flammable zones of hydrocarbon-air-CO2 mixtures

“…Kondo et al [9] modified the Le Chatelier equation in attempt to predict the flammability limits of such a mixture. Chen et al [10,11] proposed linear models to forecast the UFL and LFL of mixtures composed of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide or nitrogen. However, these linear models and modified Le Chatelier equations are highly dependent upon the experimental results so that the predicted values may be inaccurate for compounds have not been tested.…”

Prediction of flammability limits of fuel-air and fuel-air-inert mixtures from explosivity parameters in closed vessels

“…For flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons, an interesting correlation was found by Chen et al between the reciprocal of the upper/ lower flammability limits and the reciprocal of the molar fraction of hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon/inert gas mixture (Chen et al, 2009a;Chen et al, 2009b). The correlation was validated for hydrocarbon-air mixtures diluted with N 2 or with CO 2 ; the authors expected to extend it to non-hydrocarbon flammable compounds.…”