Nitrogen cycling through senescent leaves and litter in swards of Ruanui and Nui ryegrass with high and low nitrogen inputs

Hunt, W. F.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1983.10427023

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The concentrations of N in the organic matter of the leaf litter, with mean values of 2.33% and 1.81% respectively (Table 1) were approximately 60% and 40% of those in the corresponding samples of herbage. These differences were similar to those in other comparisons between living and dead leaf material (Hunt, 1983;Whitehead, 1986).…”

Section: E a F Littersupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In both experiments, amounts of leaf litter were least at the last two or three sampling dates, probably reflecting herbage growth in the preceding periods. The amounts of litter were higher than the 270 and 120 kg ha-1 reported for two sampling times from young ryegrass swards (about 6 months) that had received fertilizer N at 56 kg ha-~ (Wilman and Mares Martins, 1977) but were within the range of 100-1500 kg ha -1 reported from New Zealand for ryegrass swards receiving both low and extremely high fertilizer inputs and sampled at intervals throughout the year (Hunt, 1983). The concentrations of N in the organic matter of the leaf litter, with mean values of 2.33% and 1.81% respectively (Table 1) were approximately 60% and 40% of those in the corresponding samples of herbage.…”

Section: E a F Littermentioning

confidence: 92%

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Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing

Whitehead¹,

Bristow²,

Lockyer³

1990

Plant Soil

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The amounts of organic matter in the stubble, litter, root and soil macro-organic matter fractions of two swards of perennial ryegrass that had received normal applications of either fertilizer or cattle urine were, on average for the four fractions, about 3000, 500, 11,500 and 8,800 kg ha -1. The swards had been established 8 or 15 years previously and each was sampled at intervals over a period of about one year. The amounts of N contained in the four fractions were, on average, 68, 12, 249 and 240 kg ha -1, a total of 569 kg N ha-~.With other swards, increasing rates of application of fertilizer N were found to have little effect on the amounts of organic matter in stubble and roots. Concentrations of N in the organic matter of the stubble and roots, however, increased significantly with increasing rate of fertilizer application, though, with stubble, moderate rates of application had little effect.Assessments based on these data, together with other published information, indicate that the amount of N mineralized from the combined stubble, litter, root and macro-organic matter fractions during the first year after ploughing may range from about 40 kg to at least 360 kg N ha -~ depending on the age of the sward and its recent management. The amount mineralized is likely to increase with age of sward, with increasing rate of fertilizer N and with utilisation by grazing rather than cutting.

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Section: E a F Littersupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: E a F Littermentioning

confidence: 92%

Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing

Whitehead¹,

Bristow²,

Lockyer³

1990

Plant Soil

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“…This is a similar range to that reported for two ryegrass cultivars grown with 155 kg N ha"' under New Zealand conditions (Hunt, 1983). Reabsorption (remobilization) of N from ryegrass leaves tends to increase as N supply decreases {Robson and Deacon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The effects of grazing with and without excretal returns on the accumulation of nitrogen by ryegrass in a continuously grazed upland sward

Thomas¹,

Logan²,

Ironside³

et al. 1990

Grass and Forage Science

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With ati average slocking rate of 15 sheep ha ', soil nitrate-N, but nol total N (Kjeldahl) nor bulk density, was increased during the winter of the second year as a result of excretal returns. AbstractRates of N accumulation were studied on sheep grazed grass swards maintained at a constant height of 5 cm for two growing seasons (1985 and 1986) and receiving no N fertilizer using a tiller tissue turnover technique. Grazing with normal excretal returns resulted in an 85-10570 increase in the estimated rates of N accumulation by laminae compared with similarly grazed swards where excretal returns were prevented. Generally, increases in tiller numbers in plots receiving excreta were mainly responsible for the increased rates of N accumulation, rather than increased rates of N accumulation per tiller. Rates of N remobilization from laminae and senescence (flux of N to standing-dead litter pool) per tiller, and rales of leaf extension and leaf appearance/ disappearance were unaffected by excreial returns, in urine patches increased tiller numbers and increased rates of accumulation per tiller both resulted in greater estimates of N accumulation compared wilh tillers not visibly affected by excreta. However, at any one time only about 1 I' M. of the plot area was affected by excreta and increases in N accumulation in excreta patches could not account for the overall plot increases in rates of N accumulation.The increased tillering in plots receiving excreta may have increased exploitation of the soil N.

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“…CLARK and PAUL (10) stated in their review that the annual litter fall and the death of plant roots was roughly equivalent to the living plant mass in the standing crop at the end of the growing season. A great deal of interest is centered on the recycling of the nutrient elements in leaf litter or dead roots (17), since accumulated elements in the organic form such as N, P, and S must be mineralized before plants assimilate them. Hence, a lower rate of decomposition prevents the utilization of these elements.…”

Section: ------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between Soil Microbial Activity and Soil Properties in Grassland

Higashida

Takao

1986

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Nitrogen cycling through senescent leaves and litter in swards of Ruanui and Nui ryegrass with high and low nitrogen inputs

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing

Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing

The effects of grazing with and without excretal returns on the accumulation of nitrogen by ryegrass in a continuously grazed upland sward

Relations between Soil Microbial Activity and Soil Properties in Grassland

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