Nitrogen cycling and tile drainage nitrate loss in a corn/soybean watershed

Gentry, Lowell E.; David, Mark B.; Smith, Karen; Kovacic, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(97)00139-4

Cited by 106 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In an agricultural landscape designed to drain fields efficiently, solutes enter streams via tile drainage and/or overland flow (30,31). We suggest that Cry1Ab proteins should behave like other solutes, and this study demonstrates that dissolved Cry1Ab proteins can be detected in stream water (however, note ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape

Tank

Rosi‐Marshall

Royer

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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Widespread planting of maize throughout the agricultural Midwest may result in detritus entering adjacent stream ecosystems, and 63% of the 2009 US maize crop was genetically modified to express insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis. Six months after harvest, we conducted a synoptic survey of 217 stream sites in Indiana to determine the extent of maize detritus and presence of Cry1Ab protein in the stream network. We found that 86% of stream sites contained maize leaves, cobs, husks, and/or stalks in the active stream channel. We also detected Cry1Ab protein in stream-channel maize at 13% of sites and in the water column at 23% of sites. We found that 82% of stream sites were adjacent to maize fields, and Geographical Information Systems analyses indicated that 100% of sites containing Cry1Ab-positive detritus in the active stream channel had maize planted within 500 m during the previous crop year. Maize detritus likely enters streams throughout the Corn Belt; using US Department of Agriculture land cover data, we estimate that 91% of the 256,446 km of streams/rivers in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana are located within 500 m of a maize field. Maize detritus is common in lowgradient stream channels in northwestern Indiana, and Cry1Ab proteins persist in maize leaves and can be measured in the water column even 6 mo after harvest. Hence, maize detritus, and associated Cry1Ab proteins, are widely distributed and persistent in the headwater streams of a Corn Belt landscape.genetically modified crops | crop detritus | ELISA | rivers

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape

Tank

Rosi‐Marshall

Royer

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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“…It is not surprising that tile nitrate yields were greater from the C-C system than the C-S system because no fertilizer was applied during the soybean year in C-S in 2011. However, numerous studies have shown that fall and winter applications of fertilizer N can lead to increased tile nitrate losses compared with spring applications (Welch et al, 1971;Frye, 1977;Gentry et al, 1998;Randall et al, 2003;Clover, 2005). After corn in 2010, nitrate concentration in both tiles tracked one another until a large precipitation and tile flow event on 16 Feb. 2011.…”

Section: Fertilizer Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Socio-Bio-Geo-Chemistry and Engineering of Nitrogen Management in Two Illinois Tile-Drained Watersheds

et al. 2015

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Reducing nitrate loads from corn and soybean, tile-drained, agricultural production systems in the Upper Mississippi River basin is a major challenge that has not been met. We evaluated a range of possible management practices from biophysical and social science perspectives that could reduce nitrate losses from tile-drained fields in the Upper Salt Fork and Embarras River watersheds of east-central Illinois. Long-term water quality monitoring on these watersheds showed that nitrate losses averaged 30.6 and 23.0 kg nitrate N ha -1 yr -1 (Embarras and Upper Salt Fork watersheds, respectively), with maximum nitrate concentrations between 14 and 18 mg N L -1 . With a series of on-farm studies, we conducted tile monitoring to evaluate several possible nitrate reduction conservation practices. Fertilizer timing and cover crops reduced nitrate losses (30% reduction in a year with large nitrate losses), whereas drainage water management on one tile system demonstrated the problems with possible retrofit designs (water flowed laterally from the drainage water management tile to the free drainage system nearby). Tile woodchip bioreactors had good nitrate removal in 2012 (80% nitrate reduction), and wetlands had previously been shown to remove nitrate (45% reductions) in the Embarras watershed. Interviews and surveys indicated strong environmental concern and stewardship ethics among landowners and farmers, but the many financial and operational constraints that they operate under limited their willingness to adopt conservation practices that targeted nitrate reduction. Under the policy and production systems currently in place, large-scale reductions in nitrate losses from watersheds such as these in east-central Illinois will be difficult.

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“…Before the 1960s, the fraction varied greatly 320 among seven regions of the U.S. due to different species of N fertilizers used, which may be determined by fertilizer prices, farmer preference, and cultivated crop types, etc. NH4 + -N fraction remained at high level (> 80%) across the U.S. since the 1970s, which may largely lower the risk of N leaching (Gentry et al, 1998). Nonetheless, it may rise the potential of N loss through ammonia volatilization.…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Change In Nitrogen Fertilizer Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Agricultural Ecosystem of the Continental United States during 1850–2015: Application rate, Timing, and Fertilizer Types

Cao¹,

Lü²

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Tremendous amount of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been applied to agricultural lands to promote the crop production in the United States since the 1850s. However, inappropriate N management practices caused numerous ecological and environmental problems which are difficult to quantify due to paucity of historically spatially explicit fertilizer use maps. Understanding and assessing N fertilizer management history could provide essential implications for enhancing N 10 use efficiency (NUE) and reducing N loss. In this study, we therefore developed long-term gridded maps depicting cropspecific N fertilizer use rate, timing, and fraction of ammonium N (

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Nitrogen cycling and tile drainage nitrate loss in a corn/soybean watershed

Cited by 106 publications

References 33 publications

Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape

Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape

Navigating the Socio-Bio-Geo-Chemistry and Engineering of Nitrogen Management in Two Illinois Tile-Drained Watersheds

Historical Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Agricultural Ecosystem of the Continental United States during 1850–2015: Application rate, Timing, and Fertilizer Types

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